The Movies of Early 2026

We come to another end of the calendar year for Hollywood, and 2025 provided us with some interesting insights into how the overall business is doing.  While 2025 did see some success at the box office for many films, the industry still is showing signs of overall weakness.  A lot of the lingering effects of the pandemic and strikes have stiffled a recovery at the box office, and a lot of hopes that this year would have been a smashing return to pre-pandemic norms were sadly unrealized.  Not only that, but 2025 also stirred up fears about what might be in the cards for the future of the movie business.  The proliferation of AI produced videos made a lot of industry professionals nervous that uses of this tech would start to lead to massive layoffs across many departments.  We are already seeing such a thing take place in the visual effects field, as many digital artists are being laid off now because many of their skilled positions are being replaced with AI software.  And the fact that big studios like Disney are now allowing their IP characters to be used in AI programs like OpenAI’s Sora video generator is only making things even more dire for people hoping to make a career for themselves in the movie business.  2025 was also a troubling year with regards to massive mergers and acquisitions leading to less competition in the market.  Paramount completed it’s multi-billion dollar merger with Skydance entertainment, which saw the legendary studio fall under the ownership of the extremely rich Ellison family, who wasted no time changing the culture around the studio and it’s subsidiaries, including stifling news stories on CBS News that were critical of the Ellison’s DC connections.  Even more troubling is the whole drama with Warner Brothers.  The legendary studio, which had a remarkable year in general with a string of massive hits, was put up for sale this year, with Netflix coming out as the preferred bidder, though Paramount/Skydance also is attempting their own hostile takeover.  Instead of having a year where it looked like the dust was finally going to settle over the film industry and things were going to seem like normal again, we instead had another disruptive one that may end up changing the face of Hollywood as we know it.

Moving past the year that was, it is now time to look at the year ahead.  The early months of 2026 for the most part looks a lot quieter than normal, with the latter half of the year being the one that seems more loaded with the heavy hitters.  That’s not to day that there’s nothing worth talking about in these next four months.  Like my previews of past years, I will be taking a look at a few of the most noteworthy coming attractions of this movie season, and breaking them into the movies that I believe are Must Sees, the ones that have me worries, and the ones I believe you should skip entirely.  Keep in mind, these are my own outlooks based solely on how I am responding to the movie’s early hype and the effectiveness of their marketing.  I have misjudged movies in the past, so keep that in mind too.  I primarily write these previews as a way of helping you the reader be more aware about what is on the horizon at the movies, and hopefully shine a spotlight on some movies worth discussing.  So, with all that said, let’s take a look at the Movies of Early 2026.

MUST SEES:

PROJECT HAIL MARY (MARCH 20)

One of the more intriguing films to come out in the next few months is this Sci-Fi epic based on a novel from the same author who wrote The Martian, which of course because an acclaimed film from Ridley Scott.  Author Any Weir, as he demonstrated with The Martian, does an excellent job of taking complex scientific concepts around space exploration and wraps them around a compelling, easy to grasp storyline.  There’s real science behind his stories, but he also makes the characters interesting and relatable, and often time charmingly funny, and that’s a rare combination to make work in any story.  With Project Hail Mary, Weir expanded his storytelling beyond just interplanetary travel, and shows us a journey that takes us from Earth out into far out galactic exploration.  It’s also a very different story from The Martian.  While it has the same core basis, with a lone man learning to survive on his own, Project Hail Mary takes things into a much more other-worldly place.  What is going to be key to the film’s success is if they manage to nail the story’s main character.  Ryan Gosling seems to be the right match, given his talent for portraying lovable losers, though fans of the book say that he may be a bit too handsome and clean cut to play the character Ryland Grace that’s described in the book.  Still, Gosling is the kind of actor that can make us overlook that.  The other interesting thing about this movie is that it’s the first live action film in over a decade from the filmmaking team of Phil Lord and Christopher Miller; the guys behind The Lego Movie (2014) and Spider-Man: Into the Spiderverse (2018).  Their last bout with the sci-fi genre didn’t work out too well, as they were fired from the Star Wars project Solo (2018), so hopefully we do get to see them finally put their stamp on the genre through their own style.  They certainly will help to make the film a lot funnier, but hopefully they nail the epic granduer that the story deserves as well.  Of all the Early 2026 movies coming up, this one certainly feels like the one that must be seen on the biggest screen possible.

WUTHERING HEIGHTS (FEBRUARY 13)

Just in time for Valentine’s Day comes this newest adaptation of one of literature’s most famous love stories.  There have been many adaptations made of Emily Bronte’s iconic gothic romance over the years; most famously in 1939 with Laurence Olivier and Merle Oberon.  This one in particular is coming from one of the more daring filmmakers working today.  This marks Emerald Fennell’s third outing as a director, after winning a screenplay Oscar for her debut with Promising Young Woman (2020), and then shocking us all with her scandalous follow-up, Saltburn (2023).  Saltburn in particular proved that Emerald was a filmmaker who was not afraid of crossing taboos in order to tell her story, and while it may have crossed the line for many people, it also won the respect of many more who found her daring vision very unique and exciting (myself included).  Now with her third film she is taking on an oft told story and hoping to put her own unique spin on it.  And to do it, she’s bringing on board some of her favorite past collaborators.  The dashing star of Saltburn, Jacob Elordi, is cast here as the iconic Heathcliffe, one of literature’s most dashing rogues.  The statuesque actor seems perfectly suited for the larger than life character that won the hearts of readers over the centuries, as is another one of Emerald Fennel’s favorites, Margot Robbie (her Barbie co-star) in the role of Cathy, the doomed love interest.  Emerald Fennel has been celebrated for her work as a writer, but I feel she has yet to get her due recognition as a visual storyteller as well.  Hopefully Wuthering Heights helps to change that, as it is the latest major Hollywood film to resurrect the long out of use Vistavision process, most recently put to great use in The Brutalist (2024) and One Battle After Another (2025).  Some of the visuals already shown in the trailer indicate that this movie is likely to be a visual feast for the eyes, with just a little bit of the weirdness we saw in Saltburn sprinkled in.  I hope this continues Emerald Fennell’s hot streak as a filmmaker, and that it shows that she can deliver on something traditional while at the same time modernizing it with her own eccentric style.

HOPPERS (MARCH 6)

A new film from Pixar Animation is always something to look forward to.  Sadly, they have also been an animation studio that’s been severely neglected in recent years.  Parent company Disney’s decision to drop three of their movies in a row onto streaming instead of playing them in theaters has sadly hurt their brand, and they don’t have the pull at the box office that they once had.  This was evident last summer when their newest film, Elio (2025) failed to ignite at the box office, making it the first non-pandemic effected movie in their whole history to fall short of $100 million.  And this was after Pixar set box office records the year before with Inside Out 2 (2024), which makes the future for Pixar look fairly grim as the pressure is going to be on them to rely more heavily on sequels than original films.  That seems to be what’s happening this next year as well, as it looks like Disney is going to invest more heavily in promoting next summer’s Toy Story 5, over the release of their next original film Hoppers.  It certainly is harder to get audiences excited for a film without brand recognition, even when the Pixar name is attached to it.  But I really hope that people give this movie a chance.  It should have an easier time selling to family audiences than Elio did, as movies with cute talking animals do quite well at the box office (see the success of Zootopia 2 for example).  The premise also seems to have some potential, with an Avatar style spin put on the main character infiltrating the animal kingdom and stirring up some trouble.  And people shouldn’t be so quick to declare the end of Pixar.  Despite it’s low box office, Elio was still a charming and fun little film, and my hope is that Hoppers is another pleasant surprise.  Pixar built up their reputation for being a story first studio for a reason, and I don’t think they would fail to do the same for another one of their original stories like this one.  So yes, Toy Story 5 is likely to be the movie that Disney and Pixar are going to bank more of their fortunes on, but I hope that Hoppers also convinces them that it’s worth investing in new ideas as well.

28 YEARS LATER: THE BONE TEMPLE (JANUARY 16)

One of the more pleasant surprises of last summer was the long in the making sequel to a landmark zombie film directed by Danny Boyle and written by Alex Garland.  28 Years Later reunited the team from the classic 28 Days Later (2002), and allowed them to imagine what the same world they created over 20 years ago would look like today.  The sequel was much less a continuation of the original narrative and more of a refresh of it’s original concept, showing us a world that has long adapted to their new norm under the threat of the rage virus that still lingers in the English countryside, terrorizing those who are left.  And what we got with 28 Years Later was a surprisingly poignant coming of age story surrounding a young boy named Spike (Alfie Williams), who would brave the dangerous zombie infested world in order to save his dying mother.  But, interestingly, it appeared that Boyle and Garland had a more ambitious plan in mind for this franchise.  Instead of just saddling themselves with just one new film, they planned out a whole trilogy, and even had another film shot simultaneously with the first one.  Now, only a short 7 months later, we get the next chapter of this story, picking up right where the last one left off.  Danny Boyle, unfortunately only committed to shooting one of the films, choosing to instead hand off the duties to someone else for the next film.  Nia DaCosta, director of Candyman (2021) and The Marvels (2023), got to step up and pick up the mantle, and it seems like she made a good fit because the movie definitely feels right in line with first film, especially in it’s wild visual style.  One of the exciting elements of this new film is that it’s going to expand on some of the most memorable elements of the first movie, including Ralph Fiennes Dr. Kelson and the flamboyant Jimmy Gang.  Let’s hope they continue to build on the potential of the original and lead into what will hopefully be a standout third film to close out this trilogy, though we may have to wait more than seven months for that one.

SEND HELP (JAUNUARY 30)

One movie that could be a sleeper hit is this new film from Sam Raimi.  After playing around in the MCU with his Doctor Strange sequel, this new film has Raimi working a bit closer to his roots as a filmmaker.  Sort of a Horrible Bosses meets Cast Away, the movie is a two hander about a woman who is stranded on an island with her nightmare of a boss.  The reversal of fortune narrative that plays out is nothing we haven’t seen before, but it will be interesting to see how a twisted filmmaker like Raimi works with it.  The movie also plays with the theme of isolation and how it affects the psyche of the characters, which is a field that Raimi helped to revolutionize with his Evil Dead movies.  He’s assembled an interesting cast here, with Rachel McAdams (working again with Raimi after appearing in Multiverse of Madness) and Dylan O’Brien, an actor who has been coming into his own recently after some critically acclaimed roles.  But what makes this movie look like it will be a lot more fun to watch is the fact that it doesn’t look like either of these characters are going to bond and learn to work together to survive.  Instead, it seems like Raimi’s going to play around with the idea that the isolation that these characters are dealing with is only going to lead to more friction, and that could lead to an engaging game of cat and mouse that could take the story down some dark paths.  Raimi has always been a filmmaker that has enjoyed toying around with flawed characters, and not letting them get off easy (see Drag Me to Hell), and it will be interesting to watch what he does with these two characters who are very much in the severest state of isolation imaginable.

MOVIES THAT HAVE ME WORRIED:

THE SUPER MARIO GALAXY MOVIE (APRIL 3)

Nothing that I say about these Mario movies is going to matter in the end, because like the first film this sequel is pretty much destined to be a billion dollar movie at the box office.  I wasn’t much of a fan of the first Mario Brothers movie and I feel like I’m going to have the same reaction to this new one.  But, I will say as far as directions to go with making a sequel in this franchise, adapting the popular Mario Galaxy games seems to be an ideal choice.  The Galaxy games are some of the most imaginative that Nintendo has ever made, and bringing that to the big screen is a smart choice.  It will be interesting to see the variety of different worlds they explore with this.  I also like the choice in new characters they are bringing in.  Because this is a Mario Galaxy movie, they obviously have to bring in Princess Rosalina as a key new character, and I like the choice of Brie Larson as the voice.  She can easily tap into a Disney Princess like warmth into her performance, but still leave some room for that Captain Marvel edge in there.  Also, I approve of the addition of Bowser Jr. as a new antagonist to the franchise, and that he’s being given the voice of Benny Safdie.  The highlight of the last film, Jack Black’s hilarious performance as Bowser, also looks to be a major part of this movie.  Unfortunately we still have to deal with one of the biggest flaws of the original film, and that’s the miscasting of Chris Pratt as Mario.  I’m sorry, but that vocal performance just does not fit and it’s distracting.  It doesn’t even sound like Chris is even trying anymore to sound Mario-like in this new film, and he just sounds like himself which he does in most of his other performances.  We’ll see if the movie does improve on the last one, but given that Illumination tends to double down on their comfort zones rather than pushing their limits as an animation studio, I doubt this movie is going to be that much more of a level up.

THE BRIDE (MARCH 6)

This is one of the more puzzling movies to come out in the coming months.  For this reimaging of The Bride of Frankenstein, one would think that it would be coming from some horror film auteur or art house outsider.  But no, this is coming from actress Maggie Gyllenhaal in only her second film as a director after 2021’s The Lost Daughter.  This seems like a wild departure for her; going hyper-stylized and delving into the grotesque.  I’m not saying that she couldn’t pull a movie like this off.  She may have been dreaming of doing this movie for a long time, and now that she has some clout as a film director she can finally show off her abilities as a visual filmmaker.  But, there is uncertainty if she can pull it off; it’s all going to depend on the execution.  A lot of what we see in the trailer comes across as a bit try-hard, and it just looks like she is not really doing enough to define her style and is instead trying to emulate other filmmakers like Guillermo Del Toro and David Cronenberg.  She has assembled some good actors to help in her effort though.  Jessie Buckley is an interesting choice to play the titular Bride, and she’s an actress capable of delving into some weird places.  Also Gyllenhaal is working again with her The Dark Knight co-star Christian Bale, who seems well suited to play Frankenstein’s monster; although the flat top forehead seems a little too much as it feels out of place with this version of the character.  It does look like Warner Brothers has high expectations for this project, as they let Maggie film with IMAX cameras, and they’re planning on a 70mm IMAX roll out for the movie in the spring, something that is reserved for some of the most prestigious releases.  Can Maggie Gyllenhaal pull it off and take a big leap forward as an even filmmaker, or will this be another passion project gone wrong?

MERCY (JANUARY 23)

Another Chris Pratt film that could go either way.  One of the worries that I have about this movie is that it may end up mishandling the message of the movie, which is to be a cautionary tale about the uses of AI technology.  I can’t tell from the trailer which side it seems to be taking; is it a warning about the dangers of relying too heavily on AI to govern our lives, or is it an endorsement?  I have a feeling that this movie is not going to have a nuanced take, and is just merely using our current fascination with AI as a means of lamp shading an otherwise flimsy action movie.  My hope is that it can be better than that, and perhaps be a more subversive movie than we realize.  But, the trailer is not giving me a lot of confidence, and I doubt a movie critical of modern tech would get the greenlight at a studio run by one of the largest tech companies in the world, Amazon.  Hopefully, Chris Pratt is able to make the movie at least entertaining, and he’s getting to work opposite a heavyweight actress like Rebecca Ferguson, whose become a standout after appearing in Denis Villeneuve’s Dune movies.  The premise also has some promise, with Pratt’s character having to prove his own innocence against an all knowing AI program.  A lot will depend on the execution of the story.  There is potential for this to be a movie that’s smarter than it has any right to be, but at the same time it does look like it’s just going to favor loud and dumb action set pieces over thought provoking ideas about how much we are reliant on technology that does not exactly work in our best interest.

READY OR NOT 2: HERE I COME (MARCH 27)

The first Ready or Not movie was a bit of a subversive surprise when it came out in 2019.  The horror thriller with comedic undertones wrapped it’s story around a twisted, deadly game of hide and seek and even added some satanic cabal elements to the mix.  It was also a movie that worked very well as a one off.  But, like all hit horror movies, a sequel is inevitable.  There are some things that are pleasing to see that this movie is doing.  It’s upping the stakes by making this a winner takes all contest.  Also, I do like the addition of actor Elijah Wood acting as an arbitor at the center of this operation.  Wood has been getting into his character actor phase of his career, and he looks like he’s having fun playing these weird enigmatic characters in movies like these.  Samara Weaving, who was the breakout star of the first film, also returns which is another plus.  The one questionable thing about this movie is that it seems like they are just repeating the same beats as the first movie.  A bunch of rich, Satan worshipping snobs are hunting our hero for sport and the keys to the kingdom, and our heroine has to find clever ways to stay alive and kill her would be killers.  Also, we get more people popping like bloody balloons as indicated from the trailer.  A lot of sequels run the risk of being too much like the first movie, which only spotlights the fact that some movies are better as one offs.  Hopefully, this sequel is able to squeeze just a bit more out of the premise.  A bit more world-building would help, like seeing just how far this Satanic network actually goes.  The inclusion of Elijah Wood’s character gives a hint of a grander world wide conspiracy at play, and that’s what I hope we get with this movie.  Because if it doesn’t, then we were better off just having the original and nothing else.

MOVIE TO SKIP:

MICHAEL (APRIL 24)

There are times when you can see a disaster coming from a mile away, and there’s nothing you can do to stop it from happening.  That’s what this new biopic about the life of pop singer Michael Jackson feels like.  Musical biopics have become increasingly tired and cliched, and you can tell which ones are going to be bad when they are the ones that refuse to be truthful about their subjects.  Too many of these movies tend to be too reverential of their subjects, and only paint them in the most flattering light, and that has the end result of making them bland as a result.  That seems to be what we’re going to get with this Michael Jackson biopic.  Despite coming from an accomplished director like Antoine Fuqua and screenwriter like John Logan, this movie just seems to bee doomed from the start because it’s one that had to adhere to the wishes of the Jackson estate; meaning we are going to get the most whitewashed retelling of Michael Jackson’s story.  It shouldn’t be a surprise that this is coming from the same producer of Bohemian Rhapsody (2018), another musical biopic that watered down it’s subject (the rock band Queen) to make them more palatable to mainstream audiences.  It doesn’t help that Michael is not being played by a professional actor, by Michael Jackson’s own real life nephew Jaafar Jackson (son of Tito) in his acting debut.  It’s obvious that this movie is just pure nostalgia bait, purely there to be a greatest hits account of Michael’s rise to fame without ever going in deep to explore who he was, and what may have led to the demons that led him to the darker chapters of his life.  A true exploration of Michael Jackson as a character may never actually come to pass, given the tight control his estate has over his image, and that unwillingness to be truthful has likely destroyed any chance of this movie ever standing on it’s own.

PRIMATE (JANUARY 9)

One of the sillier horror premises to come to us lately, this movie has a group of college aged kids being terrorized by a pet chimpanzee.  What caused this ape to suddenly go feral and murderous is honestly irrelevant.  You can just tell that the filmmaker’s pitch was what if we did a slasher pic, but with a monkey, and that’s what got greenlit.  The good thing is that it looks like they did the ethical thing and didn’t use a real life chimpanzee for the filming of this; instead relying on puppetry and CGI to bring him to life.  But, that’s the only good thing I’ll say about this movie, because everything about it looks ridculous and cheap.  The only value I can see audiences getting out of this is that it might be one of those so bad it’s funny kind of horror movies.  But there is no possible way anyone is going to be terrified by this movie.  It just seems so silly how the trailer is trying to make this premise feel like an intense thrill ride.  It’s all immediately undercut when you see the ape’s face flash onto screen.  The toy ape from Osgood Perkin’s The Monkey (2025) had more of a terrifying presence than this supposedly living ape.  And that movie was intentional in it’s use of comedy.  This one looks every bit like a joke, and I don’t think that was done intentionally .

SCREAM 7 (FEBRUARY 27)

Old franchises die hard it would seem.  Though the Scream franchise has seen a bit of a resurgence in recent years, this new film is missing some of the ingredients that helped build up the newest generation of movies in the series.  One is the unceremonious departure of two of the new franchises main stars, Melissa Barrera because she was controversially fired for her pro-Palestinian post on social media, as well Jenna Ortega who quit in protest to show solidarity with Barrera.  It’s not a good look when a franchise stifles the free speech of it’s cast members.  Regardless, the filmmakers pressed on and greenlit this seventh film in the franchise without it’s newest stars.  This one seems to be leaning much heavier into nostalgia for the first movie, which is going to be celebrating it’s 30th anniversary in 2026.  Series mainstays Neve Campbell and Courtney Cox are returning, and surprisingly so is Matthew Lillard, whose character died in the original film.  This also marks the first film in the franchise directed by it’s original writer Kevin Williamson.  While he does bring some continuity to the franchise, he also is a far cry from the series’ original auteur, the late Wes Craven.  For one thing, it’s going to be difficult for this movie to shake off the controversy that was stirred up between movies, and I don’t think any nostalgia bait is going to win back fans who feel betrayed after seeing their new favorite lead actors being shown the door over censorship.

So, there you have overview of the movies of early 2026.  What is interesting about this season of movies is that it is largely devoid of major franchises.  Sure there are sequels like The Super Mario Galaxy Movie and Scream 7, but some of the other major franchises that placed stakes in the Winter and Spring in past years, like Marvel or the Legendary Pictures Monsterverse, are nowhere to be seen.  A lot of the biggest tentpole franchises are making their claim for the summer dates instead, and that is causing these next few months to be filled with more, big swing films like Project Hail Mary and The Bride.  We’ll see if this more wide opened field allows for some of this movies to shine a little brighter.  It was mixed in that regard over this last year, as some big swing originals like Mickey 17 failed to launch at the box office, while others such as Sinners did.  Regardless, the hope is that things will hopefully improve at the box office over the next year.  There’s a lot of uncertainty over the horizon, especially with regards to the ongoing situation at Warner Brothers.  Either way that it plays out, it will unfortunately mean that yet another studio will lose it’s independence in Hollywood, and there will be one fewer place for filmmakers to go to pitch their big new idea.  The proliferation of AI will also make things murky for a while.  The one thing that we can hope for is that audiences will choose wisely and give their money towards supporting movies that move the artform into a better place and also support movies that maintain that handcrafted touch.  And there will plenty of exciting things coming in the Summer season thereafter including Christopher Nolan’s The Odyssey (probably the movie I am most excited about for the whole year) as well as the next Steven Spielberg blockbuster and other hotly anticipated big screen spectacles.  Here’s hoping that 2026 proves to be a standout year at the movies, and one that helps to keep the theatrical experience alive for generations to come.

Avatar: Fire and Ash – Review

When James Cameron became “king of the world” with his astronomical success making the movie Titanic (1997), many wondered what he would do for a follow-up.  Well, he did have an idea about what he wanted to do next, but we wouldn’t know what that would be for another 12 years.  Even before Titanic, Cameron had a seed of an idea for a movie set on an alien world very much like Earth, but with it’s natural beauty still unmarked by mankind.  It would be a world populated by creatures unlike anything we had ever seen on the big screen before, with a blue skinned tribal race known as the Na’vi being the most advanced civilization on this alien world.  With Titanic providing him with the capital to get anything he wanted to make in Hollywood greenlit, he decided that this would be his next project.  The only thing was, visual effects had not advanced to the level needed for what he envisioned.  He didn’t want his Na’vi characters to be simple computer animated creatures; he wanted them to have the full expressive range that a real physical actor could bring.  Motion capture technology made it possible for Cameron to bring his vision to reality, and he went to the digital artist who made that leap forward in visual effects possible to bring them on board to realize that vision.  The folks at Weta Digital, the Oscar winning team behind The Lord of the Rings, were now tasked with helping to push motion capture to the next level.  Cameron, as we have seen, is a patient man and he will not execute his vision unless he knows he has the tools necessary to make it happen.  It would be a process that would go on for a decade, but eventually James Cameron got to the point where he was satisfied with the results.  He was now able to get his actors’ performances to shine through with these digitally rendered puppets, and he had the confidence to finally get his vision on the big screen.  The movie, Avatar (2009) as it would be called, hit theaters in the same holiday time window that Titanic opened in, and while it started off with modest box office, it remarkably kept bringing in people week after week until Cameron managed to top his own record and have the highest grossing film of all time, 12 years after he did the same feat with Titanic.

Of course, after you’ve managed to take the box office crown twice in your lifetime, people are going to wonder if you could do it again.  James Cameron did have plans, but they would still remain in the Avatar world that he created.  In fact, he had ideas for as many as four more Avatar films.  People expected that he would quickly try to get another Avatar film out soon after the first, but it wouldn’t be that simple.  Ever the perfectionist, Cameron was not ready to dive back into the world of Avatar until he felt he was confident that he could pull it off.  With the first film, the challenge was in perfecting the look of the Na’vi characters.  For his next film, Cameron wanted to explore a different environmental setting within that same world of the first movie; one set around a lot of water.  Creating water in a digital environment had been tricky.  The way water physics work has been difficult to simulate with computer animation.  In most films up to that point, water effects often looked either plastic-y or were only possible with live action mattes.  For someone like James Cameron, who has spent a good portion of his adult life in and around water, both as the director of Titanic and as a deep sea explorer, he had a particular high standard for how water should look, and digital effects needed some extra time to advance to get to the point where it met his high standard.  But, the team at Weta Digital managed to finally crack that nut after another decade of work, and Cameron was finally able to get rolling on his next Avatar film, with a release date now a whole 13 years after the last one.  Avatar: The Way of Water (2022) had a lot to prove.  It had been so long since the last Avatar.  Would audiences still care?  It turns out they did.  The Way of Water performed at the box office nearly identical to how the original did, and while it didn’t achieve the same height at the box office, it came pretty close.  But, audiences wouldn’t have to suffer through another decade long wait for another Avatar.  Cameron planned to shoot two of these Avatar sequels back to back, utilizing the same crew and cast, and developing the visual effects in tandem.  So, only three years after the last one, we now have Avatar: Fire and Ash coming to theaters.  The only question is, can James Cameron do it again?

Avatar: Fire and Ash picks up right after the events of Way of Water.  Jake Sulley (Sam Worthington) and his family are still reeling from the loss of their eldest son Neteyam (Jamie Flatters) in their last battle with the human beings they call the Sky People.  Jake’s wife Neytiri (Zoe Saldana) is particularly taking the loss very harshly, and has isolated herself from the others.  But their time of peace proves to be shortlived.  The human boy who lives with the Sulley family named Spider (Jack Champion) is running low on batteries for his oxygen mask, the thing that helps him to breathe because of the toxicity of the Pandoran atmosphere to human beings.  The Sulleys decide that it is safer for Spider to return to the research base where he was born, because they’ll have the supplies he needs to survive.  They say goodbye for now to the Metkayina clan that has protected them, including their Chief Tonowari (Cliff Curtis) and his wife Ronal (Kate Winslet), and set out on their journey.  Unfortunately on their way, they are ambushed by a clan of volcano-dwelling Na’vi known as the Mangkwan, who are led by their blood-thirsty queen Varang (Oona Chaplin).  The skirmish ends up splitting the family up.  Neytiri becomes wounded but escapes.  Jake Sulley ends up getting captured by an old adversary, Colonel Quaritch (Stephen Lang) who keeps defying death and remains determined to destroy Jake and his family.  The children of the family try to remain hidden in the forests of Pandora, led by the now oldest son Lo’ak (Britain Dalton).  Unfortunately for them, Spider’s mask starts to malfunction, nearly out of juice.  The adopted Sully daughter Kiri (Sigourney Weaver) uses her connection with the spirits of the natural world to try something to save Spider.  Miraculously, she manages to save him, and he can breathe the Pandoran air without a mask.  This causes profound curiosity amongst both Na’vi and human alike.  What does it mean for Pandora and the Na’vi now that there is a way for the humans to freely breathe their air, and why was Spider saved by the goddess Eywa in this way and for what purpose?

There’s one thing going into any of the Avatar films that we all seem to understand, and that is that these movies are far more about spectacle than substance.  James Cameron is unequalled when it comes to crafting spectacle.  It is quite remarkable that even 3 movies into this series, he’s still able to create a sense of awe and wonder for his audience.  There is indeed a lot to admire with Avatar: Fire and Ash.  I for one still love the fact that Cameron allows for the movies to take their time, allowing us the chance to be immersed in this world.  The dedication to world building is incredible, and that is likely what Cameron loves most of all about making these movies.  He wants to make us all believe that Pandora is a living breathing world with sights and sounds unlike anything seen on the big screen before.  But, the Avatar movies also have the same weaknesses that most of Cameron’s other films have and that’s the story and writing itself.  Cameron, ever the perfectionist, is committed to putting his voice throughout all his movies, and that includes writing the screenplay.  While Cameron remains strong in plotting his movies (very few of his films ever feel like they drag) he unfortunately still proves to be very amateurish when it comes to dialogue, and Fire and Ash is no exception.  James Cameron is corny and prone to cliché, and his characters often feel more like archetypes than actual people.  While he can from time to time come up with a clever line, most of his films still show their weakness in the dialogue.  This was true even with his Oscar-winning Titanic.  While Fire and Ash continues Cameron’s trend of sophomoric level dialogue (just count how many times they say ‘bro’ in the movie), the movie thankfully still attains the director’s high level of visual storytelling.  The movie does soar when it’s using the mood and setting to tell part of the story.  There are some especially interesting uses of eclipses in this film, which provides some very striking visuals.

There’s one other issue that plagues this movie as well.  When Avatar came out 16 years ago, it stood out because it was unlike anything we had seen before.  The Way of Water managed to overcome the sophomore slump because it came out so long after the first one that it made us the audience feel like we were rediscovering the world of Pandora again because of that long absence.  Fire and Ash doesn’t have that benefit of re-discovery, because it’s getting released after a relatively short 3 year gap.  One thing that Cameron could have done with this movie to help make it feel new and fresh was to allow us to see a whole other biome of Pandora and spend most of the film there, making it distinct from the visuals of the other movies.  For a while, it looked like that’s what Cameron was about to do, given how prominently the character of Varang and her tribe or Ash Na’vi featured in the marketing of this movie.  But, alas, we only spend a brief time with her clan in their home environment, on the slopes of an active volcano.  It would’ve been very exciting to have used this ash covered wasteland as a key battleground within the story, but sadly that’s not what we get.  Instead, this story chooses to re-tread most of the same locations we saw before in the series; the forests and the oceans of Pandora.  It all makes Fire and Ash feel less like it’s own movie and more like The Way of Water Part II.  It’s also sad that even with a 3 hour and 17 minute run time (the longest so far in the series) the story still doesn’t feel like it advances that much more than Way of Water did.  At least Cameron keeps things active, so it’s not a dull three hours.  But, this is the first film in this series where I feel like the novelty is clearly wearing thin.  If James Cameron says there are still 2 more films to go in this series, he needs to shake things up big time from here out because otherwise audiences are going to stop caring.

At this point, it’s the visuals that are carrying the series more than anything else.  I feel like I got the most out of the experience based on my choice of presentation.  In a select few IMAX theaters nationwide, not only are audiences able to see the film projected in 3D, but also at a high frame rate.  The high frame rate craze never really took off in the 2010’s, with it quickly fizzling out after the mixed reactions from the Hobbit trilogy’s usage of the format. 3D as well has been in a steady decline over the years.  But, James Cameron is still choosing to present his Avatar movies with these gimmicks still a part of the experience, and strangely enough it actually kind of works.  The high frame rate does take some getting used to, but over time it actually looks quite good.  I think it has to do with the fact that the majority of the movie features digital animation (whether it’s the environment or the actor’s motion capture performances) which looks better in a higher frame rate than live action.  And without a doubt, the Avatar movies feature the best uses of 3D photography ever put on screen.  It helps that Cameron made these movies with high frame rate 3D in mind, and crafted his movies to better integrate the gimmicks into the experience.  One of the best uses of the formats is a scene when Quaritch meet with Varang, and she gives him a powerful hallucinagenic drug to allow her to read his mind.  Cameron allows us to see from Quaritch’s POV in this scene, so we get the full hallucinagenic experience, which looks wild in 3D and with the smoothness of the high frame rate.  While we aren’t seeing the giant leap forwards in visual effects that the first two films represented, the Weta Digital team still delivers some incredible visual treats throughout the film, and it’s good to see this legendary visual effects studio continue to push the limits thanks to the challenge of keeping up with James Cameron’s vision.  Even if you are unable to see this movie in the ideal High Frame Rate IMAX 3D experience, you’ll see be amazed by the imaginative things that Cameron and company came up with for this third chapter.

The movie does also benefit from a committed cast of actors who over time have gotten better working with the motion capture technology over these last 16 years.  Zoe Saldana still remains the MVP of the series.  While Neytiri takes a bit of a back seat in the plot of this movie, Zoe nevertheless still shines in every moment she appears on screen.  Sam Worthington also seems to improve his portrayal of Jake Sully with every new film.  Starting off as pretty wooden in the first film, he has managed to become more forceful with his portrayal in the these last two.  He’s also becoming more flawless with that American accent, to the point where you can’t even hear any trace of his natural Australian accent anymore.  But, much like with many other space fantasy films, it’s the villains that become the favorites.  Stephen Lang returns again as the primary antagonist Colonel Quaritch, and he still is a blast to watch with his scenery chewing performance.  But, the best thing about his role here is that they paired him with another equally fascinating villain to work off of.  Oona Chaplin is easily the best new member of this cast, delivering a delightfully deranged and venomous performance as Varang.  She is a very compelling villainess, and she brings an incredible, sinister presence into the movie.  I also love the unique design of her outfit too, with the mix of blacks and reds making her feel all the more twisted.  The best part is also how well she works off of Stephen Lang’s performance as the Colonel, making their scenes together all the more electrifying.  The downside of the cast in this movie is that Cameron perhaps has too many characters taking up space in the plot, to the point where some even get neglected despite there being 3 hours to tell the story.  The Sully’s youngest child Tuk (Trinity Jo-Li Bliss) for instance is barely a presence at all throughout this story.  And some performances seem to suffer from that lack of focus.  I still find Sigourney Weaver’s performance as Kiri to be a little off.  It’s distracting when you are listening to a older aged woman attempting to play a teenager.  It’s clear that James Cameron and the actors love these characters, but it also feels like the movies are not doing them justice either with it’s odd choices in pacing and stilted, unnatural dialogue.

In the end, my feelings about Avatar: Fire and Ash are pretty much the same with regards to how I felt about the other two Avatar films; that they are good but fall short of being great.  There are many times throughout this franchise where I do feel James Cameron coming very close to achieving greatness with these movies.  But, then he’ll drop the ball by falling back on clichés and making his characters deliver some pretty clunky dialogue.  In comparison, I believe that Fire and Ash falls a bit short of The Way of Water, mainly because so much of it feels like a retread.  But, at the same time, I like both of the sequels better than the original.  As flawed as these sequels are, I still feel the ambition behind them, and Cameron is working with a full deck of spectacle that is far ahead of what we had seen in the original.  It’s quite a feat to make these two, 3 hour long epics feel like they breeze by.  Truth be told, I was feeling the movie drag in it’s last hour, especially with a battle scene that felt like it went on a beat too long, but it never got me to the point where I was checking my watch, hoping it would be over soon.  I feel like this movie is unlikely to sway audiences one way or another.  People who hated the other two will like hate this one as well, while people who loved the other movies will get exactly what they want with this new film.  I for one liked revisiting this beautifully realized alien world on the big screen once again, but I feel like the novelty has worn off as well and it’s time for James Cameron to start reconsidering where he should go with the next film.  It’s not enough to keep making the same style of movie over again.  There is potential to be mined here in the world of Avatar; like say taking us to a completely new location on Pandora, like maybe a desert or the frozen polar regions.  Avatar needs variety to help make us care about returning to these worlds.  That’s the thing that I felt was lacking the most with this new release.  At the same time, I was mostly having a good time watching the flick, because Cameron can still deliver some exhilarating action sequences.  We’ll see what the future holds for this record-shattering franchise as James Cameron maps out his final two chapters and whatever lies beyond.  For what it’s worth, he did manage to do it again, but again merely means making almost the same movie as the other two, and we’ll see if that’s enough to set a fire to the box office again.

Rating: 7/10

Off the Page – The Polar Express

For a lot of children over the last forty years, one of the most recognizable stories around the holiday season has been that of The Polar Express.  The short story told through exquisitely painted illustrations in the now famous book by author and illustrator Chris Van Allsburg has become a staple for the holiday season and one that has been passed down through generations.  First published in 1985, the book was an instant best seller and became the winner of the pretigeous Caldecott Medal for it’s excellence in children’s literature.  But what is it about this book that has made it endure.  For one thing, I’m sure many of us Gen X and Millenial kids at some point got this book as a Christmas present, helping to solidify it’s connection to memories of the holiday itself.  But the quality of the book itself has also given it a long standing reputation among readers.  Van Allsburg’s illustrations are vividly realized and draws the reader into it’s imaginative world.  Just the cover image alone is enough to draw the eye.  For a lot of childen, there’s nothing more evocative than seeing a train driving itself down a neighborhood street in the late night snow and stopping right in front of your front long.  Van Allsburg of course had a talent for creating imaginative imagery in his drawings to go along with his other-worldly stories, being the author of other beloved classics like Jumanji and Zathura.  This is probably why his books have often lent themselves so well to movie adaptations, because they already had a very cinematic look to them already on the page.  Jumanji of course inspired a 1994 adaptation starring Robin Williams, as well as blockbuster series in the 2010’s starring Dwayne “The Rock” Johnson.  These films though brought Van Allsburg’s stories to the big screen in a live action form, which loses a bit of the magic that the book’s illustrations had.  While Jumanji had to leave something out in the translation to the screen, an enitrely different approach was given to The Polar Express (2004) when it was finally given a movie adaptation.  This approach would be taking the extra step to be fully faithful to the original style of the book, and it would utilize what was at the time the cutting edge of computer animation technology.

Enter Oscar-winning filmmaker Robert Zemekis.  Zemekis had been spending the last 20 years as one of Hollywood’s most innovative directors, using his films as testing grounds for cutting edge visual effects.  And this included one of the most impressive runs of any director in the industry’s history.  He hit it big with Back to the Future (1985) and would continue to deliver many other visually impressive films in the years ahead, including Who Framed Roger Rabbit? (1988), Forrest Gump (1994), Contact (1997) and Cast Away (2000).  Each of these films didn’t just land strongly with critics and audiences, but they also astounded with their visual effects innovations. Zemekis always seemed to be one step ahead in his embrace of new innovations in visual effects and he found creative ways to incorporate them into the stories he wanted to tell.  And a lot of those effects still look impressive even after 30 plus years, including the mix of animation and live action in Roger Rabbit, or the digital removal of actor Gary Sinise’s legs for his role as wounded veteran Lieutenant Dan in Forrest Gump.  But, after Cast Away, Zemekis was looking to dive deeper into a field that he had tested briefly before, which was animation.  He was drawn to the book The Polar Express like many others, and saw it’s potential as a movie.  But, you couldn’t adapt it the same way that had already been done with Jumanji.  A big reason why The Polar Express the book is beloved is because of those stunning illustrations.  Making this movie in live action would rob the story of some of that whimsical nature, so Zemekis and his team opted to make Polar Express an animated film instead.  But, it would be a very different kind of animation, and one that would indeed be threatening to the status quo at the time with regards to how animation works.  While Zemekis’ commitment to keeping the visual storytelling true to the book with his adaptation is commendable, his approach unfortunately missed the mark with making it worthwhile, and sadly a lot of the movie has aged like egg nog.

“These tickets… are not…. transferable.”

What Robert Zemekis’ The Polar Express is most noteworthy for is for being the first full length movie entirely animated through motion capure technology.  The mo-cap system had been used throughout the 90’s for various visual effects shots, mainly to help create various movements for digital sprite characters in CGI generated crowd simulations.  But, in 1999, George Lucas used the technology to completely animate one of the main characters in his new Star Wars movie The Phantom Menace (1999), based on an on-set actor’s performance.  This character would be the much maligned Jar Jar Binks, and say what you will about the character, but his creation was very much a breakthrough for motion capture technology.  The tech would be further refined by filmmaker Peter Jackson and his crew when they used it to create the character Gollum based on actor Andy Serkis’ standout performance in The Lord of the Rings trilogy.  But, thus far the tech was used mostly to bring creatures to life that would blend in with live action settings and co-stars.  No one had ever attempted to use the techonolgy for an entire film with every actor’s performance put through that animation filter.  That’s the challenge that Robert Zemekis was willing to take.  His production company ImageMovers specifically set itself up as an animation studio devoted to working exclusively with motion capture, and Zemekis would lead the charge with The Polar Express being his next film and the first under this new initiative.  But, despite the creative freedom that motion capture technology allowed for someone like Zemekis to work with, it also had drawbacks that unfortunately have only grown more obvious over time.

“One thing about trains.  It doesn’ matter where they’re going.  What matters is deciding to get on.”

For The Polar Express, Zemekis called upon one of his long time collaborators to not just be the headlining star of this movie, but also his guinea pig for all the experiments they were about to try out with this new technology.  Tom Hanks would be working for the third time with the director, after Forrest Gump and Cast Away, and it wouldn’t be the last as they have recently teamed up again for Pinocchio (2022) and Here (2024).  But, unlike their past collaborations, Hanks wouldn’t just be playing one role, but many.  What seemed to draw Hanks to the film was the fact that he would be able to play multiple characters in the same film without ever having to change wardrobe or disappear through make-up.  All he would have to do is put on a motion capture jumpsuit and have his physical performance recorded on an empty soundstage through sensors.  It’s less of a hassle for preparation, which would give Hanks more of an oppurtunity to focus on his physical characterizations.  Some actors may find that kind of way of acting to be outside of their comofort zone, as they would find it difficult to act without a physical set to act in, but for an actor like Hanks it didn’t matter because he’s always been someone whose focus has been on mentally finding himself embodying a character.  And he’s given a lot of variety to do that in this movie.  He plays no less than 6 different characters, including Santa Claus himself.  He’s even doing the mo-cap performance for the Hero Boy, the main character (though his voice is provided by a young Daryl Sabara).  Of all those character, only one actually looks like Hanks in the finished film, The Conductor.  And while Tom Hanks commitment to playing six different roles is impressive in of itself, the mo-cap animation unfortunately robs a little bit of the character out of the performance due to it’s limitations.  The technology was still fairly young at the time, and with the movie going very hard in trying to achieve a sense of realism in it’s animation, it unfortunately sends the actor’s performances as the characters into the Uncanny Valley.  Hank’s facial features on a ten year old’s body especially come across as unsettling in some shots because it just doesn’t look natural.  And the dead eye stare of the characters in many shots, where of course mo-cap technolgy hadn’t perfected eye movements just yet, really points out the creepy unnatural state that was limiting this tech at the time.

The Polar Express as a movie for the most part seemed to be too ambitious for it’s own good when it came to the mo-cap animation of it’s characters.  But, one of the reasons why Zemekis chose this as a way of adapting the book was because he felt that it was the best way of staying true to Van Allsburg’s original illustrations.  When the movie isn’t showing the characters, it actually does succeed in adapting the look of the original book.  Every environment has that glowing aspect to it, with the balance of light and shadow conveying the balance between the chill of the winter snow and the warmth of the interior spaces.  The depiction of the North Pole village where Santa lives expecially feels in the same spirit as Van Allsburg’s drawings, with all the buildings built with bright red bricks.  But of course, given that this is a story coming off the page, Zemekis needed to take these still tableaus from the books and given them movement.  The are some creative visual ideas thrown into the film that take the initial concepts from the book’s drawings and expands on them.  An extended sequence where we watch a a ticket flutter around in the wind across the landscape really shows off what was possible with computer animation at the time as Zemekis turns the whole thing into a oner with camera movements that would be impossible to pull off with a real camera.  But other moments kind of rob the scene of the simple charm that were in the original drawings by creating too much activity on screen.  The “Hot Chocolate” song and dance sequence is one such moment where it feels like Zemekis is just showing off because he can, and it doesn’t add anything of value to the story.  That’s why so much of the movie feels at war with itself, because at time it does showcase some impressive animation while at the same time also showing us how bad mo-cap animation can look when it’s trying too hard.  One really feels that a better movie could’ve been made had it had a more affirmative side; being either a live action film with elements improved through motion capture animation, or just fully animated in general.

“There’s no greater gift than friendship.”

There’s also one other issue negatively affecting the movie.  As beloved a story as The Polar Express story is, it’s also very brief.  That was always the point; Van Allsburg intended this to be a holiday themed bedtime story that a parent could read to their child in one sitting, or a child could thumb through an appreciate the pictures.  At 32 pages in length, there’s not much there for a feature length run time.  So, inevitably there is a lot of padding that has to be added to the story itself.  Van Allsburg mostly tells the story from the point of view of an unnamed boy character.  The Boy doesn’t have much character in the story and is mainly just the avatar for the reader, having the journey to the North Pole being presented through his eyes.  The story essentially is about reconnecting with childhood, and finding the ability to believe in magical things again.  The connection to that comes through the boy wanting to hear the sleigh bells of Santa’s reindeer, but in order for that to happen, he must open up his mind to believing that it’s real.  The book concludes with the sleigh bell that is given to him as a gift by Santa becoming a symbol of that connection to childhood wonder.  Over time, the narrator who was that Boy shares that he never lost the ability to hear the ringing of that bell as he grew older though many others had.  The movie also makes this an important part of it’s climax, and the scene where the Boy does finally hear the ringing of the bell is still poignant.  But, unfortunately we have to go through a lot of scenes that ultimately add little to the plot, like a prolonged sequence across an icy lake, in order to get to the one scene that matters.  The book gets it’s point across through a beautifully realized journey of discovery through a child’s perspective, while the movie is a lot of noise and action that ultimately just lead nowhere.

The problem is that Zemekis is trying make the movie bigger than it really needs to be.  It’s loud, full of slapstick antics, and also I might add a musical.  And sadly the music is also doing too much as well.  The great Alan Silvestri (a long time collaborator of Zemekis) wrote the score for this film, and it unfortunately becomes very repetitive after a while, replaying the same melody from the signature song “Believe” over and over again.  Too much of the movie takes these plot cul-de-sacs before ultimately returning to what was originally in the book.  It inevitably makes the movie feel cumbersome after a while, because you just know that these moments purely exist to give the movie extra length.  With the limitations of the animation and the uninteresting detours that the plot takes, The Polar Express as a movie comes across as a soulless product, purely made to capitalize on holiday spirit.  And it seemed to work, as the movie did quite well at the box office, riding the wave of holiday season crowds looking for anything that embodies the spirit of the holidays in their entertainment.  But, the film over time has not aged well, with people now looking it as a poster child for how poorly early motion capture animation looks compared to what is possible now.  The Uncanny Valley look of the characters just becomes off-putting to viewers today, neither being endearing or pleasant to look at.  We’ve seen the techonology become impressively implemented in films like Avatar (2009), and also used to bring previously impossible characters like Thanos in the Avengers movies to vivid life while still maintaining a connection to the subtlties of the actor’s performance.  The Polar Express hasn’t even improved over time even as an artifact of an earlier time in the growth of the technology, like what happened with Tron (1982).  There’s an unfortunate soullessness that sticks with The Polar Express even if it was made with good intentions by Zemekis and company.

“Seeing is believing, but sometimes the most real things in the world are the things we can’t see.”

The only reason it seems that The Polar Express managed to become a hit at all is because it’s an easily marketable movie for holiday viewing.  It still has a place on most holiday playlists on TV, but it’s legacy as a pioneer in animation is almost non-existant.  Things did not go well for ImageMovers in the years after The Polar Express.  Zemekis would direct two more films using the mo-cap technology (Beowulf and A Christmas Carol), while two other films by other directors (Monster House and Mars Needs Moms) would also be made through ImageMovers.  Disney, which financed A Christmas Carol and Mars Needs Moms, ended up buying ImageMovers in 2009, and after the spectacular box office failure of the latter, they shut the company down completly and absorbed it’s assets into it’s own in house animation studios.  Robert Zemekis was reportably in early development of a motion capture remake of the Beatles’ classic animated film Yellow Submarine (1968), and some test footage of it has surfaced online over the years, but that came to an end once Mars Needs Moms collapsed the whole motion capture craze.  Zemekis went back to live action filmmaking with 2012’s Flight and has put this whole era of his career behind him.  In the end, audiences chose to see fully animated movies made by actual animators instead of this weird hybrid style that motion captue was. The credits for Pixar’s Ratatouille (2007) even proudly touted in it’s credits that it was “100% Genuine Animation,” a blistering rebuke towards motion capture being a possible replacement for it’s creative model.  One would hope audiences feel the same about this troubling push towards AI in recent years, and how that threatens to upend animation as we know it today.  Is The Polar Express a terrible Christmas movie?  Hardly.  There’s nothing really offensive about the movie.  It’s just a film that falls well short of achieving what it sets out to do, and that’s mainly due to the fact that it exists more as a gimmick to tout new technology than as a worthwhile story to be told.  The book does a much better job of conveying the wonder and warm feelings of Christmastime.  Though the movie The Polar Express does come close in brief moments to capturing the simple wonder that was found in Chris Van Allsburg’s book, it mostly gets lost in all the excessive additions that Robert Zemekis added to pad the story out.  The original story reminds us all why Christmas Time brings us so much joy because it connects us with that wonder and spirit that lived so much in us when we were little.  The Polar Express movie unfortunately reminds us of the things that were better left to be forgotten, especially when it is looking back at you with those lifeless doll like eyes.

“Though I’ve grown old the bell still rings for me, as it does for all who truly believe.”

That’s All Folks – What Netflix Buying Warner Brothers Means for Hollywood

The year was 2010.  Netflix had grown into a massive media company off of their business model of through the mail movie rentals.  Their success over the years even eliminated their prime competition, Blockbuster Video, who were unable to adapt to the shifting market.  But, Netflix wasn’t done disrupting the media market just yet.  They saw the growing potential in streaming after watching the rapid growth of YouTube.  If there was an appetite for watching short videos over the internet, what was keeping the industry from producing long form content as well.  Netflix began their initial dip into streaming in 2007, with low quality video of films and shows that were also available to rent on disc.  In 2010, they were ready to provide a full, high definition streaming platform for a separate fee to their subscribers.  Eventually, the disc based service would be eclipsed by the more robust on demand digital service.  But, a lot of people in the entertainment business were unconvinced by this newer model, especially when Netflix announced that they were going to begin making original programing exclusive for their platform.  Netflix was still green to the whole production side of filmmaking, and they were going up against the big entrenched studio system that had run Hollywood for over a century.  Most notably, the then Time Warner CEO Jeff Bewkes, who was in control of Warner Brothers, notoriously dismissed Netflix’s potential to be a threat to Hollywood, saying “Is the Albanian army going to take over the world?”  Well, not long after Bewkes made his statement, Netflix premiered the show House of Cards, a buzzworthy drama that Time Warner passed on for their HBO channel, and it not only gave Netflix the industry cred it needed to prove itself, but it even set off a chain reaction that will possibly be the end of Old Hollywood as we know it.

15 years after Jeff Bewkes made his dismissive insult Netflix is now on the cusp of taking ownership of his old studio.  In September 2025, David Ellison, the CEO of the newly formed Paramount Skydance, made the first initial offer to buy Warner Brothers Discovery.  Coming so quickly off their own mega merger, Paramount Skydance was ready to expand even further, making a play to develop a mega studio that would be more competitive with the likes of Disney/Fox and Netflix; the two current leaders in the streaming market.  With backing from other investors, including Saudi royals, Ellison made the first pitch of $78 billion.  Of course, Warner Brothers had to declare their intentions to sell in accordance with the law, but they weren’t ready to strike a deal just yet with Paramount Skydance.  They believed that they could sweeten the pot for their shareholders by holding out for a better bid from other interested parties.  And they were right.  Soon after, Netflix and Comcast (the parent company of NBC Universal) began their own campaigns to bid for Warner Brothers.  No matter who was going to come out on top, the truth is that Warner Brothers worth is certainly of high value.  The victor would be gaining a century old library of some of the most important and celebrated movies and shows that have ever come out of Hollywood; not to mention some very valuable present day brands like Harry Potter and DC Comics.  A lot of people believed that Paramount would still come out on top, but surprisingly it now looks like Warner Brothers has favored someone else.  On December 5, 2025 it was revealed that Warner Brothers has accepted a $82 billion dollar deal from Netflix, which in turn has gotten much of Hollywood buzzing, as well as worrying.

The streaming wars of the last several years was born out of the Hollywood studios seeing Netflix as a threat to their decades old business models of distribution, and they were desperate to adapt to this new normal.  Even Warner Brothers got in on it by establishing their own streaming platform, which went from being called HBO Max to just MAX and then back to being HBO Max.  Despite the brand name confusion, Warner Brothers did manage to rise up to third place in the streaming market, falling just behind Disney+ and far behind Netflix.  But, with Netflix now on the cusp of owning Warner Brothers, they now have essentially become the undisputed victor of the streaming wars.  Even if Disney and Hulu combined continued to steadily grow into one platform, they still won’t have the combined subscriber reach that Netflix and HBO Max now will pull together.  And this is what worries a lot of people in Hollywood.  Netflix is essentially removing a huge competitor from the marketplace, and it is giving them a huge chunk of the market share, which will give them more of a monopoly over streaming in general.  In a studio system that has increasingly become more homogenized through mergers and acquisitions, many believe that this move will only make it harder for new inventive ideas to emerge in the entertainment industry.  We’ll have one less place to pitch a screenplay or show idea to and not only that, but two powerhouse production companies coming together means that many people are going to lose jobs out of redundancies.  It’s a scenario that we already saw play out when Disney bought Fox, which resulted in the latter essentially being hollowed out and turned into just a production label called 20th Century Studios, minus the Fox.  A lot of people on the Warner Brothers lot are probably worrying about their future in the months ahead.

This deal has only happened in the last couple days as of this writing, so a lot of the details haven’t been fully revealed just yet.  We don’t quite know what Netflix studio head Ted Sarandos and Warner Brothers Discovery CEO David Zaslav agreed to that made the deal happen, and what that means for the future of both companies.  One theory is that Warner Brothers Discovery still intends to go through with their plan to divide into two separate companies, and that Netflix’s bid is just for the half that includes the famed studio.  David Ellison’s bid of $72 billion was for the whole pot, studio and networks, but Netflix put up an even bigger bid for just the half that they want, which means that Ellison would have to double his bid in order to buy everything.  All of this is probably why Warner Brothers is confident in Netflix’s bid, because they are better able to back it up and help bring extra value to the Discovery Networks side, once they decide to put that half up for sale.  But, this is just a theory.  One thing for sure is that David Ellison is not happy and plans to take legal action against Netflix if they follow through with it.  The deal still has to go through a year’s worth of federal review before it can be finalized.  Now, the current administration has been less restrictive towards mergers and acquisitions, but that’s largely due to gaining special favors from the parties involved in a rather corrupt quid pro quo way.  This is what happened to finalize the Paramount Skydance merger, where the Paramount owned CBS Network cleared a big chunk of their newsroom of journalists who were critical of President Trump, especially on the program 60 Minutes, hired on a new news team that was more politically aligned with the administration, and even prematurely cancelled the the long running show of vocal Trump critic Stephen Colbert.  All of this spotlights a pretty clear reason why it’s a good thing Paramount Skydance isn’t getting a hold of Warner Brothers, which among other things is the parent company of CNN and other crucial news outlets.  But, there is the worry that in order to ease the review of their own acquisition, they’ll concede a lot of favors to the administration like the Ellison family did that will involve among other things censorship of critical voices.

That’s the sad state of our media landscape, and sadly there really is no good option out there.  If not Netflix, Warner Brothers would be absorbed into another studio if it were to join Paramount Skydance or Comcast, where it would destroy both itself and Universal together.  As of right now, the most vocal critics in the industry are the Guilds and Unions.  The WGA already put out a statement condemning the move, and they were quickly joined by the Teamsters, both of which are rightfully worried about the loss in competition this will bring to the industry.  One less player in the market means fewer job openings for film sets and writers rooms.  For an industry that’s already reeling from a pandemic and a lengthy strike, this will be yet another blow against recovery.  This move is not likely to strengthen the job market in Hollywood.  If anything it’s going to put more people out of work with the layoffs due to redundancy.  The one silver lining with Netflix is that they are a competitor to Warner Brothers solely through the streaming market.  What Netflix has been lacking that all the other studios have had is a distribution division that brings their movies to national theaters.  Instead of growing their own organically, Netflix has instead been trying to bend the industry to their video on demand model.  They’ll be inheriting Warner Brothers’ long standing distribution organization that has been working with theater chains around the world.  The only question is, is Netflix willing to keep it or is that going to be the first thing to go as Warner Brothers is forced to conform to Netflix’s business model?  It would be a very expensive department to just buy up to destroy, but perhaps that’s part of Netflix’s way of forcing more conformity in Hollywood to their model.  One would hope that more of Warner Brothers’ way of doing business rubs off on Netflix and remains in tact.

That’s what has a lot of other people worried about this potential merger; the downstream effects it will have on other industries.  Movie theaters have been desperately trying to hold onto their deals with the movie studios to release new films on their screens.  Thus far, they’ve been managing to scrape by, but streaming has been drying up the products available to present on the big screen.  Netflix has especially made it difficult with their business model, which they proclaim is the better option to guarantee filmmakers that their films will get seen by a bigger audience.  It would be devastating to the movie theater industry as a whole if one of the biggest studios suddenly stopped showing their movies in theaters.  And Warner Brothers has had a good year at the box office in 2025, with movies like Sinners (2025) and Weapons (2025) being especially profitable.  Imagine if movie theaters this year didn’t see any of that revenue.  It’s not just that, but physical media collectors are also worried that Netflix would also be abandoning physical releases of Warner Brothers movies, dealing a death blow to an already diminished marketplace.  For a lot of different industries, this would feel like Netflix is kicking them while they are already down.  Is it all but certain that such a deal would kill off these beleaguered industries for good.  It all depends on what was involved in the deal that was struck.  It would be difficult to end theatrical distribution as a whole at Warner Brothers, given that it involves so many longstanding contracts that will take years to finalize.  Netflix has been dipping their toes a bit more with theatrical in recent years, with KPOP Demon Hunters winning them their first box office weekend title, and their plan to put the Stranger Things series finale on the big screen this New Year’s Eve.  But, would acquiring Warner Brothers finally give them the reason to go all in, or will we be seeing Netflix forcing Warner Brothers to comply.

One thing that could be a big factor in determining the future for both Netflix and Warner Brothers is what the creatives in the industry have to say.  Netflix has managed to get some filmmakers to consent to having their movies premiere through the direct to streaming method, such as David Fincher and Richard Linklater.  But, if Warner Brothers were to follow Netflix’s lead and stop releasing their movies in theaters, there would be significant pushback to that.  Some filmmakers, such as Quentin Tarantino and Christopher Nolan would never sign on to a deal that excluded a theatrical premiere.  In fact, Christopher Nolan ended his long time partnership with Warner Brothers over this very issue, after they planned to go against his wishes and release Tenet (2020) straight to streaming without a theatrical window.  He wanted them to wait until movie theaters were re-opened after the pandemic shutdown so that the movie would get a proper theatrical release, but Warner Brothers weren’t willing to sit on this film for another year, so what ended up happening was Tenet got a small theatrical release in whatever theaters were open during the pandemic (which excluded big markets) and it still was quickly rushed onto streaming soon after, just so Warner Brothers could fulfill the minimal requirements of the contract.  That’s why Nolan today is set up now at Universal, which benefitted in getting his Oscar winning Oppenheimer (2023) and next year’s The Odyssey (2026).  Nolan and many others would likely have it written in their contracts that their movies must have theatrical releases, and if Netflix doesn’t accept that, then they would be loosing out on many coveted projects from many established and up-and-coming filmmakers.  Recently, such a situation happened when Weapon’s director Zach Cregger walked away from developing a new film at Netflix because they couldn’t guarantee a theatrical release.  Greta Gerwig, whose developing a new adaptation of C.S. Lewis’ Narnia book series with the streamer, even went behind Netflix’s back to secure a theatrical window for the film with the IMAX corporation.  If Netflix were to force Warner Brothers to conform to their streaming first model, they would be alienating themselves even further from some of Hollywood’s most creative people, and it would make them lose out on what could ultimately be the next billion dollar idea.

We’ll have a clearer idea what this deal will entail over the next year as this acquisition goes through review.  What we know as of right now is that this deal is being met with a great amount of skepticism.  People are worried, rightfully so, about what it could mean for the future of Hollywood.  Warner Brothers has been an enduring fixture in the history of Hollywood.  It was one of the bedrocks of the studio system, and is undeniably one of the most valuable libraries of movies and television shows in the entire industry.  By buying Warner Brothers, you have access to characters as varied as Bugs Bunny to Batman.  But, there’s one thing that is undeniable about Warner Brothers and that is they go big.  Their movies deserve to be seen in the biggest way possible, so it would be a shame if the only place you could watch them is from a small screen at home.  Warner Brothers’ history shouldn’t be reduced down to a thumbnail on a streaming app.  If that Warner Brothers golden badge doesn’t grace the silver screen again, it would be a great loss.  One hopes that part of Zaslav’s negortiations with Netflix to broker this deal was to keep that legacy in tact and secure Warner Brothers ability to continue screening movies on a big screen.  Say what you will about Zaslav’s tenure as CEO of Warner Brothers; he didn’t abandon the movie theater industry, and in fact he doubled down on it over the last couple years.  We’ll see if Netflix eases up on their insistence on straight to streaming.  So many of their own movies should have been given more robust theatrical releases over the years; maybe now they’ll be convinced to give it a chance.  One thing is for sure; Hollywood will never be the same again if this deal goes through.  Warner Brothers thought it could dismiss the threat of Netflix before, and now they are about to become a part of them.  The Albanian Army is indeed about to conquer the world, and it shows you should never believe yourself to be untouchable in this business.  One hopes that Netflix will be a good steward to the legacy of Warner Brothers, but there is a lot of justifiable skepticism that is surrounding this deal and people should worry.  At a time when the movie industry should be getting bolder and bigger, we are instead unfortunately seeing it shrink even more.

Zootopia 2 – Review

Animation is in a weird fluctuation state right now, where what worked in the past doesn’t seem to be sure bets anymore.  The last 20 years in animation has been dominated largely by the trifecta of Disney, Pixar and Dreamworks, all of whom have built their brands on the strength of their innovation and storytelling through computer animation.  But, the computer animation craze seems to have died out, as the artform no longer has the novelty it once had.  Animated movies are still being made with computers, but they no longer look like computer animation.  Now films are being made that blend 3D computer animation with what looks like traditional hand drawn artwork.  Sony Animation Studios has been leading this shift in the animation industry with their innovative work on the Spiderverse movies, as well as their breakout hit KPOP Demon Hunters (2025) this year.  We are also seeing small independent studios adopting this new look in animation as well, including this last year’s Oscar winning entry from the nation of Latvia called Flow (2024).  And the bigger animation giants are seeing the results of this shift as their own film have been losing audience interest to newcomers.  This has been effecting original films from the big studios more than anything.  Pixar, which previously had one of the strongest track records of any animation studio in the world, has recently been struggling getting audiences to come see their new original films, like Elemental (2023) and Elio (2025).  Elio became the first non pandemic effected film by Pixar to not turn a profit in it’s theatrical run.  But even while these newer, original films struggle, we are also seeing record breaking success with sequels to past animated classics.  Between Elemental and Elio, Pixar had it’s biggest hit ever with Inside Out 2 (2024), which shows us that the only way these traditional animation powers are able to stay on top at the moment is to capitalize on their past glories.

Pixar’s sister studio Walt Disney Animation is also experiencing this same kind of cycle.  After the release of Frozen II  (2019), Disney has seen all of their original films fall short of crossing the $100 million mark at the box office.  Sure, in the case of Raya and the Last Dragon and Encanto (both 2021), they faced headwinds from the lingering effects of the pandemic, but even as audiences were returning to the theaters (especially for animated films) Disney still was struggling at the box office, with both Strange World (2022) and Wish (2023) both becoming big box office bombs.  So, what was Disney going to do to salvage their reputation at the box office?  The answer would come in capitalizing on their past wins.  During the 2010’s, Disney had a strong resurgence in box office fortune with a steady stream of hits that all were brand new stories.  Frozen (2013) certainly got the ball rolling, but they continued to build upon that success with movies that hit with both audiences and critics, such as Big Hero 6 (2014), Zootopia (2016) and Moana (2016).  And while the pandemic era threw a wrench into Disney’s plans at the turn of the decade, the popularity of these films only continued to grow.  What Disney saw with the launch of their streaming platform, Disney+, was dominant numbers being put up by these movies from the past decade.  Moana in fact is not just the most watched film on that platform, but one of the most streamed movies ever across all platforms, even beating out many Netflix titles in the same time frame.  So, with their original films struggling to find their audience, it was time to look back at what worked before and try to replicate it.  A Disney+ original Moana series was quickly reworked into a feature film, and even though critics found it to be a cheapened cash grab, the gamble still worked, and Disney Animation had it’s first billion dollar film in 5 years.  Unfortunately, this means that we are going to be in a period of sequelizing rather than taking a shot at making new and original films in animation when it comes to Disney and Pixar, because these are the only ones that are bring in the money right now.  We’ve already seen this work out for Moana 2 (2024), despite it being a quickly slapped together sequel.  Does Zootopia 2 manage to overcome it’s intentions as a cash grab and actually justify itself as a worthy follow-up to it’s predecessor?

The story of Zootopia 2 picks up right on the heels of the first film.  Police officer Judy Hopps (Ginnifer Goodwin) has finally earned the respect of her department as it’s first rabbit recruit after solving the case of 13 missing animals from the city.  Her accomplice in solving that crime, Nick Wilde (Jason Bateman) has also been accepted into the department and the duo have been assigned as partners in the Investigative division.  Unfortunately their different methods in solving crimes have led to some incidents that have gotten out of control, which has forced their superior Chief Bogo (Idris Elba) to declare a separation of their partnership, unless they seek counseling or voluntarily remove themselves from cases.  Despite Bogo’s warning, Judy is determined to follow up on the smuggling case they were just kicked off of.  It leads them to an elite party in the Tundra Town district of Zootopia, hosted by one of the oldest and wealthiest families in the city, The Lynxleys.  On display at the party is a historical artifact called the Lynxley Journal, which has the original plans and patent for the city’s weather walls.  While investigating, Nick and Judy catch a mysterious figure that has invaded the party.  The figure turns out to be snake, the first appearance of one in Zootopia for many years.  The snake makes off with the Journal, but when confronted by Judy, he reveals that snakes like him have been unfairly scapegoated by people like the Lynxleys and that the journal is the key to helping him return to his rightful home.  Judy seeks to learn more from the snake named Gary (Ke Huy Quan) but both her and Nick are threatened by the head of the Lynxley household Milton (David Strathairn), who commands great power in the city, with the support of his equally ruthless children Cattrick (Macaulay Culkin) and Kitty (Brenda Song), and less so from his black sheep son Pawbert (Andy Samberg).  The pursuit of the truth takes Judy and Nick deep into the less travelled sides of the city, including Marsh Market, where the duo recieves help from an eccentric beaver named Nibbles (Fortune Feimster).  Can they solve the mystery of Zootopia’s shady past and help the reptile population from being wiped out ever further by the Lynxley’s devious plans.

It’s not a huge surprise that Zootopia would get the sequel treatment, given that the story left things open for further adventures of Nick and Judy.  There’s a ton of justification for developing Zootopia into a franchise because the world of the film is so rich with detail that there is a lot to further explore.  The only question is, did they have the right kind of story to follow up the first.  For me personally, I had very high expectations for a Zootopia sequel.  The first film is easily my favorite animated film of the last decade, and it has a place on my list of the Top Ten Movies of the 2010’s, found here.  Suffice to say, even if the movie is very good, it still has to contend with a movie that I hold in very high regard.  So, how does Zootopia 2 contend?  While I do think it falls short of the original, there is still a lot to like about this movie.  What Zootopia 2 does really well is build upon the world created in the first movie.  One of the great things about the world of Zootopia is the way that animators put in all these details about how the society is built around the different shapes and sizes of the animals that inhabit it.  Animals big and small call Zootopia home, and the architecture reflects this mix, as the society accommodates all the different aspects of the animal kingdom while they live and work in a way that looks so much like human civilization.  Zootopia 2 continues this, and gives us a look at the parts of the city that went unexplored in the first film.  In particular, we get a better view of the parts of the city away from the city center, in what human society would consider the suburbs.  The movie also uses it’s animal puns well, including some blink and you’ll miss them ones, like “Gnu Jersey.”  I have a feeling that this movie will benefit from a lot of re-watches in order to catch all of the different details.  The movie knows it’s strengths and plays to them pretty well, allowing us to see more of the world while at the same time allowing it’s two charismatic leads, Nick and Judy, to carry us through it all.

The only thing that is lacking from the experience is the novelty of the original.  Zootopia was a genuine surprise when it first came out because I feel like a lot of people (including myself) weren’t expecting it to be as deep and thought-provoking as it turned out to be.  A lot of us came to Zootopia thinking it was just going to be a simple, harmless animated romp meant for the whole family.  What we were surprised to find was that Zootopia was actually a profound commentary about modern society with a shockingly poignant message about institutionalized racism and how it unfairly drives people apart.  Sure, the kids would still get all the funny little animal moments to be entertained by, but for the parents there was a thought-provoking subtext to it all that you really didn’t expect to find worked into a Disney cartoon.  That’s what helped to make Zootopia stand out so strongly when it first came out, and in the years since, it’s message has only become even more prescient.  Zootopia 2 doesn’t quite have that element of surprise, since you already know going in that there will be a message in there.  Not that the message is bad by any means.  Instead about being institutional racism woven into society, Zootopia 2 is more about red-lining and gentrification splitting generational communities apart, which in a way is just a branch off of the message of the first movie.  I do appreciate that the movie is still trying to say something about society, but it doesn’t have the same punch as the first film.  Also, the plot twists feel a tad too familiar compared to the first film.  At least this time, the antagonistic force is set up much earlier instead of feeling like an afterthought in the first movie.  We don’t have to wait until the third act to realize the Lynxley family are bad people.  But, most of the rest of the movie lacks the element of surprise that made the original film so shockingly refreshing.

One the things that hasn’t been lost between films is the perfect chemistry between the two leads.  Judy Hopps and Nick Wilde are some of the best characters to come out of Disney Animation in recent years, and they continue to be endlessly engaging in this sequel.  Ginnifer Goodwin and Jason Bateman both return to these iconic roles, and haven’t missed a beat.  I’m still struck by how much heart Goodwin puts into her vocal performance, making Judy’s emotional moments feel genuinely profound, while also at the same time nailing the more comical moments as well with Judy’s bubbly personality.  And Jason Bateman again proves that his personality was perfectly suited for slick, wise-cracking fox.  A lot of the heart of this sequel still remains the remarkable chemistry between these two.  I really do wonder if there were scenes which they recorded together, because their banter feels so perfectly in sync.  If not, the film’s vocal directors deserve a lot of praise for making the back and forth of these characters feel so perfectly in tune.  There are a lot of returning favorites from the first movie, though a couple of them like Chief Bogo and Officer Clawhauser (Nate Torrence) get their screen time diminished significantly in favor of introducing a lot of new faces.  One of the chief newcomers is Gary De’Snake, whose the heart of the plot of this story.  Ke Huy Quan delivers a very heartfelt performance as the newcomer to this world.  Given that Quan’s own family came to America as refugees must make this portrayal of a displaced animal like Gary something very close to home for him.  One of my favorite new characters though is the new horse mayor of Zootopia named Mayor Winddancer, voiced by a scene-stealing Patrick Warburton, here in a new Disney character role 25 years after his first when he voiced Kronk in The Emperor’s New Groove (2000).  Also looking through the cast list of this movie you’re going to see a surprising amount of cameo voices from some pretty big names sprinkled throughout.  These include pro-wrestlers like CM Punk and Roman Raines playing “Ze-Bros,” or the real CEO of the Disney Company playing Bob Tiger.  It may be somewhat of a gimmick to give all of these cameos to big names, even if it’s just for one throw away line, but thankfully it doesn’t take away from the stand out performances of it’s lead actors.

Once again, the incredible design work of the animation team delivers some incredible visuals for us to enjoy in this film.  The movie sees the return of the original directors, Byron Howard and the newly promoted chief creative officer of Disney Animation Jared Bush, and they continue the same outlook over the world of Zootopia that they devoted to the first movie.  This time around, they get to showcase more of the city we haven’t seen, but still keep it familiar enough to feel like a natural extension of what we saw in the first movie.  We saw a little bit of Tundra Town in the first movie, but it was mostly limited to seeing an inner city environment in a deep freeze during the winter.  In this movie, Tundra Town is expanded out more, and the grounds around the Lynxley mansion has the feel of a ski resort after a winter storm.  There are also completely new places shown in this movie like Marsh Market, that definitely have a Deep South vibe to them.  The variety of animals are also incredibly realized.  One particular scene when Nick and Judy visit an underground hideout of reptiles shows just how much fun the filmmakers were having in using all of the characteristics we know about these animals get reworked into a human like behavior.  This film definitely has a more expansive scope to it than the first film, which largely stuck pretty close to the inner city.  You really get a sense of the scale of the city of Zootopia from this film, which includes not just urban centers, but mountain ranges and deserts as well.  It’s also great that we get a lot more of the lore of Zootopia in this city, particularly with regards to how it was all built.  The engineering of the weather walls becomes a crucial part of the plot, and in this movie we get a lot more detail about how it actually works.  For a lot of this movie, it does exactly what you want a good sequel to do which is to give you more; fleshing out ideas from the first movie and enriching it.  But, given the strength of the first movie and how it was so unexpectedly rich, I feel like it elevated it ahead of this one, which does the job right but doesn’t go any further than that.

As far as Disney animation sequels go, Zootopia 2 is undoubtedly one of the best ones.  It’s lightyears ahead of the travesty that was Frozen II and even though I liked Moana 2 better than most critics, I do recognize that it is a lot messier than the original film.  Zootopia 2 may fall short of it’s predecessor, but it still does enough to make it a worthy sequel.  I love the richness of the world it portrays and a lot of the new characters are a ton of fun to watch.  But, I doubt this movie is going to make my Best of the Decade list like the first film did, and it may miss out on my yearly list as well.  All that said, it’s still a film very much worth seeing; it just has the disadvantage of coming after a masterpiece.  Zootopia was going to be a hard act to follow no matter what.  It quite simply is one of the best animated films ever made; by Disney or anyone else.  I would say that it’s unfair to compare one with the other, but it was only a year ago where I saw Pixar follow up one of their best films with a sequel that surpassed it in almost every way, delivering one of the best best films ever with Inside Out 2.  Maybe I’m being a tad too critical because this sequel wasn’t as good as the original, but it’s only because the first Zootopia is still so fresh in my mind, and that affected my viewing of this film.  That said, it still is a worthy follow up to the sequel that doesn’t take anything away from the original and compliments it well.  No matter what I say, this is going to be another massive success for Disney Animation, giving them two wins in a row at the box office which they desperately needed.  I just hope that the success of Moana 2 and Zootopia 2 alongside Inside Out 2’s record breaking success doesn’t lead to a cycle of sequels for the foreseeable future.  It doesn’t bode well that we are getting another Toy Story next summer, and though I am still looking forward to that too, I just wish there was also news of more original films coming as well.  Disney and Pixar can’t just coast on sequels forever.  They need to find ways to improved their marketing of their fresh new films; and to also make them as good as they can be.  People do want to see new things; look at the buzz around KPOP Demon Hunters for example.  Disney has the talent to bring new, fresh ideas to reality; they just need to find ways to reconnect that desire to see new things from the audience to what they have being worked on in their studio.  Zootopia 2 is fun no matter what, but Disney needs to improve their game otherwise their output will just devolve over time into managing aging franchises.

Rating: 8/10

Wicked: For Good – Review

One can’t imagine a world in which we never had a story like The Wizard of Oz in our lives.  Since author L. Frank Baum wrote down his imaginative tome about the magical world of Oz and the little Kansas girl who found her way there, we have been collectively enchanted for generations, finding new and creative ways to bring Oz to life.  No other adaptation has had as deep an impact as the big screen MGM production in 1939; a technicolor masterpiece that has been declared the most watched movie in history.  The Wizard of Oz (1939) remains the gold standard for all adaptations of L. Frank Baum’s stories, particularly in the visual iconography it created.  But, that hasn’t stopped many other people from trying to put their own spin on the Oz mythos.  One of the more creative came in the 70’s, when the musical The Wiz premiered on the Broadway stage and infused the familiar story with contemporary African-American culture and music.  The musical would later be adapted into a movie by Sidney Lumet and starred Diana Ross and Michael Jackson.  But that wouldn’t be it for The Wizard of Oz on both the Broadway stage and on the big screen.  In 1995, writer Gregory Maguire wrote an alternate history version of Baum’s original tale, recounting the events of The Wizard of Oz, but from the point of view of it’s villain, the Wicked Witch of the West.  Maguire’s book used the Oz story to deconstruct the notion of evil in the stories we tell, and whether people are born wicked or are made to be wicked, and how stories often are used as weapons to villainize the wrong people.  It was a compelling re-imagining of the Oz narrative and that gained the attention of some key people in the musical theater world.  Composer and lyricist Stephen Schwartz had been wanting to do a musical themed around the Land of Oz and he was instantly drawn to Maguire’s book and found it to be a perfect subject for adaptation.  Working alongside stage book writer Winnie Holzman, Wicked was realized into a lavish, high spectacle musical in 2003, and it has been playing non-stop on the Broadway stage ever since, becoming one of the longest running and most profitable shows ever on the Great White Way.

With the enormous success of the Wicked stage show it was easy to think that a big screen musical adaptation would follow very soon after.  But, the show’s producer Marc Platt held off bringing it to the big screen for twenty years, despite the fact that Universal Pictures was involved in the development of the show for the stage.  Platt’s intention was to allow Wicked to have a full, uninterrupted run on the stage before bringing it too the screen.  People would be less inclined to pay $50-100 per showing for the stage show if they could buy a movie ticket for a fraction of that price or rent it for even less to watch at home.   The Broadway show needed to build up that following first, and thanks to it’s record success both in New York and through it’s worldwide touring company, Wicked didn’t wane over time; it just kept growing.  So, after 20 years of running on stage (minus the Covid shutdowns for one year) it was time to finally bring the hit musical to the big screen.  But, it was going to require the right team behind it.  Mark Platt and Universal ended up turning to director Jon M. Chu , who had come up through directing music videos for the likes of Justin Bieber and many other hip hop groups, but managed to find his biggest success as a film director with the hit film Crazy Rich Asians (2018).  He came into this project with a lot of experience behind him, but Wicked was going to be a much heftier undertaking than anything he had made before.  There was also controversy surrounding the casting of the two lead characters; Elphaba, the Wicked Witch and Glinda, the Good Witch.  A lot of fans of the show wanted to see the return of the show’s original stars, Kristen Chenoweth as Glinda and Idina Menzel as Elphaba, a role that won her a Tony Award, but it was decided by the production to tap new performers for the roles; in particular Tony Winner Cynthia Erivo as Elphaba and recording artist Ariana Grande as Glinda.  Also controversial was the decision to break the musical up into two films, with a year long gap in between releases.  Despite the worries of many fans, Part 1 of Wicked (2024) premiered over the holiday season and became a smashing success, creating a lot of anticipation for it’s concluding chapter this year.  The only question is, does Wicked: For Good defy gravity, or does the yellow brick road lead to nowhere.

Some time has passed between Part One of Wicked and this second act of the story.  The first part of the tale showed us the start of the relationship at the heart of the story, that between Elphaba Thropp (Cynthia Erivo) and Galinda Upland (Ariana Grande).  Though they started out as rivals at the prestigious Shiz University of the Land of Oz, they found themselves becoming the closest of friends.  But, turmoil would once again test their friendship.  All across Oz, animal citizens continue to loose their rights to co-exist with the humans, leading many of them to be forced into cages which leads them to loosing their ability to speak.  Elphaba sees this injustice and becomes determined to help the animals that she sees being abused and scapegoated.  She believed that if she could make her case to the Wizard of Oz (Jeff Goldblum) himself, he might be able to undo this injustice.  But unfortunately, upon arriving at the Emerald City, she finds out that not only is he complicit in the mistreatment of animals in Oz, but that he doesn’t have any magical power at all, and is just a con man trying to use her real magical abilities for his advantage.  Not only that, she also learns that the dean of her school, Madame Morrible (Michelle Yeoh) is also the master mind behind this deception, making her feel even more betrayed.  After standing up against the Wizard, Elphaba is labeled a traitor and a menace to Ozians through a propaganda campaign that paints her as a Wicked Witch.  She chooses to go into exile and acts to disrupt the Wizard’s regime through select attacks.  All the while, Glinda tries to keep up appearances as a Good Witch to counter the “threat” of the Wicked one, while at the same time trying to keep Elphaba’s true whereabouts hidden.  Glinda’s attempt to broker peace between Elphaba and the Wizard becomes increasingly difficult, and it drives a wedge between her and Prince Fiyero (Jonathan Baily), the captain of the Emerald City guards and her fiancée.  It turns out that Fiyero still has feelings for Elphaba, which also makes Glinda feel all the more betrayed by those she thought were her friends.  Is there hope that Elphaba and Glinda can bridge their differences once again and bring harmony to Oz, or are the betrayals too much to overcome?  And is it possible for Elphaba to be seen for the good that she does and not for the wickedness that the powerful have unjustly labeled her with?

For me personally, I came into the first Wicked movie completely cold.  I was familiar with the Broadway show, but I had never seen it performed live.  I also haven’t read the original Maguire novel it’s based on, so the only thing I brought with me going into the first movie was my knowledge of Oz lore from the original MGM classic.  I wasn’t expecting much, because I’ve had a particularly mixed experience with modern movie musicals based on hit Broadway shows.  Some have been pretty great over the years (Sweeny ToddIn the HeightsWest Side Story) while others have been pretty dreadful (Les Miserables, Cats, Dear Evan Hansen).  Given how massive of a hit the show has been on the Broadway stage, I felt like there was no way they would be able to translate it successfully for the big screen, and splitting up the 2 1/2 stage show and blowing it up into a two part, 5 hour cinematic experience just spelt disaster.  So, color me pleasantly surprised when I walked out of the first part of Wicked having really enjoyed it.  I was pretty stunned by how well the movie ended up coming together.  The entire first film is longer than the whole of the Broadway show, running 160 minutes, and yet it never felt bloated or sagging.  It used it’s run time remarkably well, and it helped to immerse us the audience into this version of Oz which was incredibly imaginative and detailed.  The movie wound up winning very deserved Oscars for for it’s costumes and production design.  And Cynthia Erivo’s performance of the show’s signature song “Defying Gravity” was such a perfect high note to close the movie on and it really got me excited to watch the second film, which I’d have to wait a year for.  So, was it worth the wait.  Well, a lot of Broadway show fans will tell you that the musical peaks at “Defying Gravity” and the second half of the musical doesn’t quite match up with the first.  That’s true of the Broadway show, and sadly also true of the movie Wicked: For Good, but that doesn’t mean that the movie is bad; not at all.  It’s just not as good as it’s predecessor, and that flaw is not really a fault of the movie so much as a flaw built into the musical from the very start.  In order to be a faithful adaptation, Wicked had to take the bad along with the good.  One would have hoped that maybe the filmmakers would’ve found a work around to make the flaws of the stage show less of an issue here, but alas we see that they still made the translation to the big screen.

There’s still a lot of entertainment to be had here.  Jon M. Chu still proves to be a great stager of musical numbers.  One of the worries I had going into the first film was the fact that it was being directed by a man who cut his teeth as a director of musical videos.  I have long said that the MTV generation ruined movie musicals for a long time, because the prevailing style of quick edits that worked for snappy music videos on MTV did not translate well into musical adaptations for the cinema.  That’s why so many musicals over the last 20 or so years look so cheap, because the music video style just chops everything up in the edit and doesn’t allow for the musical numbers to really come alive.  You look at stage to screen musicals of the past like Oklahoma (1955) or The Music Man (1962), they relied on long takes that really showed off the incredible staging of the different musical numbers, immersing the audience the same way that the stage show would.  Thankfully, Jon M. Chu is not the kind of filmmaker to chop things up.  I think what helps is that in addition to directing music videos, he also directed concerts as well, and he was the creator of the choreography centered Step Up movies, so the man knows the importance of staging.  The musical numbers in Wicked are cinematic, but still feel true to their stage bound origins, and that remains true throughout both parts of the Wicked experience.  While none of the musical numbers here reach the epic heights of “Defying Gravity,” there’s still enough creativity in their staging to still make them feel immersive and visually pleasing.  There’s one particular number, a new original song for Glinda, that does some incredible things with mirrors that I thought really helped it to stand out in the movie.  Another highlight is the song “Wonderful” sung by Goldblum’s Wizard, which has some really great visual touches.  So, even while this is the lesser half of the narrative, there are still plenty of moments that will still enchant you while watching the movie.

I think one of the big issues that ends up hurting Wicked: For Good, which is a flaw inherent from the original show itself, is that it breaks up the heart of what made the first half so powerful, which is the chemistry between Elphaba and Glinda.  One of the best things about the Wicked movies is the absolutely perfect castings of the lead characters.  Cynthia Erivo of course has an angelic singing voice which made her a perfect candidate to fill Idina Menzel’s enormous shoes in the role of Elphaba.  But, she’s also a brilliant actor as well, bringing so much depth to this character.  And despite all of the naysayers who objected to her casting in the role, Ariana Grande has proven to be just as equally brilliant as Cynthia in her role as Glinda.  I would dare say that Ariana is the MVP of this whole endeavor, because so much of this movie rides on her ability to balance her performance between the silly comical aspects of Glinda’s character and the heavier emotional moments that she has to take very seriously.  So much of the movie relies on Cynthia and Ariana’s ability to work so harmoniously together and make this friendship the beating heart of the movie, and they pull it off magically.  It’s just unfortunate that they are apart for so much of Wicked: For Good.  The beautiful chemistry of these two actors is missing for a good chunk of the movie, and that unfortunately make a lot of the film feel like much of a drag.  But the highlights do come once they are finally sharing the screen again.  There’s an especially fun scene where Glinda tries to fight Elphaba one on one that is a hilarious high point in the film, and a much needed moment of levity in an otherwise darker second half.  Thankfully much of the returning supporting cast remain strong, though sadly with less to make them stand out.  Jeff Goldblum steals all of his scenes as the Wizard, strongly leaning into his own eccentric parody of himself, which matches the character well.  It’s also nice to see Michelle Yeoh really relishing her chance to play a villain, giving the character a nice menacing presence.  The one who unfortunately gets shorted the most in this second act is Jonathan Bailey as Fiyero.  He still has his moments here or there, but unfortunately the bulk of his character development and screen presence happened in Part One, so he more or less is just here to be a key supporting player.  It’s especially unfortunate since Part One showed off just how good of a musical performer he is.

The movie also does a great job of presenting such a rich, detailed version of the Land of Oz.  One of the best decisions that was made about the adaptation of this musical to big screen was splitting it up into two movies.  If the movie had adapted the story as it is from the stage production, it would have felt rushed and truncated on the big screen.  Making the whole thing a lavish 5 hour long production allows more space to really immerse us in the world of Oz over these two films.  That way we are better able to appreciate Nathan Crowley’s lavish sets and Paul Tazewell’s amazing costumes.  There’s a big difference between what works on the stage and what works on the screen, and the best movie musicals are the ones that find that right balance.  It’s also why so many movie musicals run between 2 1/2 to 3 hours in length, because movies really need that extra time for immersion into the world of their story.  Wicked was such a monumental undertaking that it all couldn’t be contained in just one movie, unless audiences were willing to sit for a 5 hour long show.  Wicked: For Good continues the high stand of the first film’s incredible production design.  The only downside is that because this is the second film of a two part production, the novelty of seeing it all for the first time is not there.  Apart from just a handful of new locations, like the castle that Elphaba holds refuge in, every other place in this movie are holdovers from the first.  It’s probably unlikely this movie will see the same success it enjoyed from last year’s Awards season, because it really isn’t showing much that we haven’t seen before.  But, at the same time, the movie still gives us plenty of time to appreciate all the work that went into the production.  Whether it’s the amazing Glinda dresses that Ariana gets to wear, or the graceful staging of the musical numbers that John M. Chu puts together, Wicked: For Good still succeeds as a visual feast for the eyes.

Despite the strengths comparable between the two films, taken as a whole these Wicked movies are a remarkable success.  There were a lot of high expectations surrounding these movies, especially given the universal success of the stage musical, which even after the release of these movies is still selling out shows across the world.  I really appreciate that the makers of these films didn’t just make a direct translation of the musical, but instead really explored what was possible in bringing this to the big screen.  Like the best movie musicals of the past, these movies understand what it takes to make what worked on the stage become a spectacle on the big screen.  Wicked is an epic just as much as it is musical, full of lavish detail that really makes the world of Oz come alive.  And “Defying Gravity” gives the experience a cliffhanger ending for Part One that even the likes of Marvel would be jealous of.  There’s no doubt that Wicked: For Good is the lesser of the two halves, and the one that is more reliant upon the other to give it meaning.  You unfortunately loose a bit of the magic if you only watch For Good independent of the other film.  The only way that this movie could ever match up with it’s predecessor is if it had that emotional high of the cliffhanger ending, and sadly that wasn’t meant to be since the musical itself couldn’t repeat that same emotional high.  But, there’s still a lot to like, particularly with the performances of the actors.  I also loved the way that, just like the stage show, the plot of the original Wizard of Oz is playing out in the background.  We never even see Dorothy’s face, which is as it should be, because this isn’t her story.  The movie expects us to know how the original story goes, and the charm of Wicked is in how it subverts the original Oz narrative.  Over time, I do see Wicked being celebrated among the likes of The Sound of Music (1965), My Fair Lady (1964), and West Side Story (1961) as one of the greatest stage to screen musical adaptations ever made, especially for how well the spectacle of it all was pulled off.  More than likely it will be because of the strength of the first half, but I hope many out there also see the bright points of Wicked: For Good as something worth celebrating as well.  It may not be a strong finish to this adaptation, which is more the original musical’s fault than anything, but it does do the best job it can to compliment it’s sister film.  And that’s something worth the journey over the rainbow for.

Rating: 7.5/10

The Rebel Warrior – 30 Years of Braveheart and Dealing With a Problematic Favorite

Over the last 30 years, there has been a lot of debate regarding the legacy of Mel Gibson’s Braveheart (1995) and it’s place in cinema history.  The movie did not exactly light up the box office when it was first released in the Summer of ’95, but strong word of mouth helped to carry it all through Awards season, where it ultimately took away 5 Academy Awards, including Best Picture, beating out what many considered the early favorite, Ron Howard’s Apollo 13 (1995).  And from there, the movie continued to build a reputation as a prime example of epic filmmaking that was starting to die out at the turn of the millennium.  But while the movie still earns plenty of praise for it’s craft, it also has faced a lot of scrutiny for the way it has misrepresented the history of it’s subject.  And then there is also the cloud of controversy that surrounds Mel Gibson himself.  People’s attitudes towards Braveheart today mainly comes down to how well they can disassociate the movie from the man who created it.  For some, the movie stands on it’s own, but for others whose opinion of Gibson today becomes too much of a distraction, often can bring themselves towards seeing the movie without bias.  And there is validity to people’s opinions in this manner; art is subjective and no one should be forced to like or dislike a movie based on the way others feel.  But there is no doubt that Braveheart is a complicated movie for a variety of reasons.  I myself have my own complex feelings about the movie itself.  For the longest time, Braveheart was one of my favorite movies, and for the most part I still have a lot of affection for it.  But as I have grown older, and have come to terms with some aspects of myself and where I stand on issues, I have been taking a more scrutinizing look at Braveheart and what it stands for.  It’s what people usually refer to as a “problematic favorite,”  which is something that by all accounts should be a piece of media that I should like or approve of, and yet I still do.

One of the more interesting things about Braveheart is that it both feels like a product of it’s time, and yet it was very much ahead of it’s time as well.  The movie started out as spec script written by writer and filmmaker Randall Wallace.  It told the story of famed Medieval Scottish freedom fighter William Wallace and his rebellion against the oppressive British occupation of Scotland that eventually led to it’s independence in the 14th century.  The script was eventually picked up by producer Alan Ladd Jr., who eventually got it into the hands of Mel Gibson.  Gibson in the 1990’s was near the height of his popularity.  He had been the star of many blockbuster franchises like Mad Max and Lethal Weapon.  In 1989, he and his producing partner Bruce Davey co-founded Icon Productions, which would be the springboard for Gibson’s next big career move, which was directing.  He chose for his directorial debut a little drama called The Man Without a Face (1993), but it was clear that he had bigger aspirations as a filmmaker.  One of Gibson’s favorite movies is Stanley Kubrick’s Spartacus (1960), and he was searching for a story that had the same kind of epic sweep as that film had.  It’s easy to understand Mel’s desire to direct something big and epic, given that his filmmaking role models from his early years in Australia were George Miller and Peter Weir, some of the greatest epic filmmakers of their time.  For Mel, Braveheart was just the perfect fit for his ambitions, but initially he was hesitant to step in front of the camera.  He only wanted to direct the movie, and he initially considered actors like Brad Pitt and Jason Patrick for the role of William Wallace.  But to secure financing from the studio, Gibson had to agree to starring in the movie, helping to guarantee the film had star power behind it.  And so, Gibson now had his opportunity to make the big sweeping epic that he always wanted to make.

The movie was by no means a guaranteed hit, even with Mel’s name on the marquee.  Historical epics in the 1990’s were seen as more awards bait than box office gold.  There were some movies that did break that track record, like Kevin Costner’s Dances With Wolves (1990), but other historical epics around that time, including Ridley Scott’s 1492: Conquest of Paradise (1992) were huge financial and critical busts.  Add this to the fact that Gibson had never attempted to direct something on this scale before.  It could have fallen apart very easily, and yet Mel Gibson was able to deliver something quite exceptional.  It helped that his production had a stellar team on board.  Cinematographer John Toll, fresh off his Oscar win for Legends of the Fall (1994), captured the majesty of the wild Scottish Highland locations in his photography.  Editor Steven Rosenblum also did a masterful job of making this 3 hour long epic hum along with exceptional pacing and nary a sense of any scene wasted.  And then there is the musical score by James Horner, which in itself may be the most beloved part of the movie with it’s haunting Gaelic styled melodies.  What also really made the movie memorable was the cast that Mel assembled to perform alongside him.  Many actors were able to get their big break by appearing in the film, including Brendan Gleeson, David O’Hara, Tommy Flanagan, and Angus McFadyen, while other veteran actors like Brian Cox and Patrick McGoohan were able to show off a different side to their talents.  Patrick McGoohan, who before this was most famous for his starring role in the series The Prisoner, pretty much steals the movie with his memorable villainous performance as King Edward “Longshanks,” and it was a role that helped to revitalize his career as an actor.  To this day, Longshanks is still one of my personal favorite movie villains, and that’s largely due to brilliant casting choice of McGoohan in the role.  The movie’s five Academy Awards were all deserving, including Mel’s for his direction, which was quite an achievement for someone on their sophomore film as a director.

Many films peak at the point of their Oscar wins, but for Braveheart it seemed like the Oscars were only the beginning.  Braveheart would continue to have a strong influence on filmmaking in the years ahead.  The groundbreaking way that Mel Gibson staged the battle scenes in the movie, shooting them in almost a documentary style with the camera caught in the thick of the action and not shying away from the intensity and gore of combat, would go on to influence so many other films with similarly staged battle scenes.  One has to think that the battle scenes in Peter Jackson’s The Lord of the Rings trilogy borrowed a lot of their staging from what was seen in Braveheart.  The TV series Game Of Thrones even has a very direct shout out to Braveheart in one particular shot of a horseback cavalry charging toward the camera in slow motion in the episode called “The Battle of the Bastards.”  The movie also worked it’s way into pop culture.  There were so many parodies made over the years of the pre-battle pep talk speech given by William Wallace, with Mel shouting his lines with that blue streak of war paint across his face.  Mel even got to poke fun at his own movie with a hilarious guest spot on The Simpsons years later, where he and Homer Simpson end up mooning studio execs like the moment in the battle scene.  The film also gets quoted quite a bit, especially Gibson’s guttural yell of “Freeeeeedoooommm” from his final scene.  But perhaps the movie’s most striking legacy may be the effect it had on the people of Scotland itself.  Before the movie, referendums on Scottish Independence from the United Kingdom never gained much traction amongst the Scottish people, but after the movie’s release calls for Independence have grown more and more louder.  In 1998, the UK Parliament responded to the rise in Scottish Nationalism with the Scotland Act, which granted Scotland the ability to form it’s own Parliament with a great degree of self-governing powers, but in exchange for maintaining the union that makes up the modern United Kingdom.  The extant to which Braveheart led to this is uncertain, but given that the sudden change in the Scottish political climate happened so soon after the film’s release shows that the movie helped to inject a bit of Scottish pride into the conversation that was happening in those fateful years.

But of course, over the years, the movie has been scrutinized quite a bit, with many complaints certainly coming with merit.  Most of the criticisms directed at the film certainly stem from it’s many historical inaccuracies.  Scholars of Scottish history have been especially pointed in their attacks on the film.  The first thing they will call out is the fact that the Scottish characters are all wearing kilts.  The kilt wouldn’t be common attire for Scottish men until at least the 17th Century, so the fact that it’s part of the costuming of this medieval set film is definitely a historic falsehood.  If anything, Mel and his team had the Scots wearing kilts 500 years too early as a shorthand way of differentiating them culturally from the English, and nothing says Scottish like a kilt.  There’s also a lot of historical inaccuracies with regards to the battles shown in the movie.  There’s one glaring problem with the depiction of the Battle of Sterling Bridge: the movie forgot to include the bridge.  Why Mel and his team decided to excise the part of the battle that gave it it’s namesake is unknown, but it certainly has become a slight against the movie for some historians.  Another controversial choice in the movie is the depiction of one of Scotland’s other historic icons; Robert the Bruce.  The Bruce is revered in Scotland as much as William Wallace and is celebrated as the father of their nation.  But, in the movie, Robert is portrayed as a betrayer of William Wallace; fighting against him as many Scottish nobles had historically so that they could maintain their connections to the English crown.  Of course, in the movie we see Robert (played wonderfully by Scottish actor Angus McFadyen) get redeemed as he picks up Wallace’s mantle after he’s gone and leads the Scots to victory.  But, for some, having Robert start off as a betrayer of Wallace seemed to be a insult to a national hero for the Scots.  There are valid criticisms to be made about how the movie deals with the details of real historical people and events, but at the same time, there are so many other beloved historical films that also play fast and loose with history; even more so than Braveheart.  Mel Gibson himself said that the movie he was making was first and foremost to entertain, then to inspire more interest in the subject of the story.  Gibson wanted to shine a light on the person of William Wallace, who’s history is often built more on legends than actual facts, and that’s how he approached the telling of Wallace’s story; by making him a legend.

But, there are things about the movie that over time have gone on to reflect poorly on it’s legacy that go beyond historical inaccuracy.  And one of those things has personally affected my own viewing of the movie, which has caused me to acknowledge this as a problematic favorite.  The movie, objectively, has an unfortunate homophobic slant to it with regards to it’s depiction of Prince Edward II in the movie.  Showing that Edward II was a homosexual in the movie is not the issue; there are plenty of historical accounts that show that Edward II had male lovers before and after he assumed the throne as king.  The problem is that the movie portrays Edward as very fey and as a weakling, leaning into so many stereotypes that were leveled against gay men in media for decades.  Irish actor Peter Hanly tries his best to make the character more than just a stereotype, but the film unfortunately treats the character as a punchline with regards to his sexuality, standing in stark contrast to the very masculine depictions of the Scots.  As I’ve grown older and have come out of the closet myself, it has indeed changed my perspective on the film, where it’s treatment of homosexuality is undeniably out of touch and prejudiced; treating it as thing to be ridiculed.  How much of this is intentional on Mel Gibson’s part is under suspicion too.  It’s become common knowledge that Gibson is a fundamentalist follower of the Catholic Church, which would lead one to believe that he shares many of the Church’s less than favorable views on homosexuals.  And yet, at the same time, one of his closest friends in Hollywood is out and proud lesbian actress and filmmaker Jodie Foster.  Gibson has leaned more into his fundamentalist faith in recent years, but at the time he made Braveheart, he was largely quiet about what he really believed and for the most part was on friendly terms with people of all creeds, political affiliations, and sexual orientations.  He may indeed be correct when he claims that the depiction of Edward II in the movie was not intentionally meant to demean gay people, but the fact that the portrayal still leans into so many stereotypes common from that time still shows that Gibson still had some built in ignorance of the LGBTQ population that over time has aged poorly for the film, and only looks worse after seeing Gibson fall deeper into extremism over the years.  There’s still a lot for me to love about Braveheart, but this is the part of it that makes it hard to love.

While the movie is undeniably flawed, there is still something about it that makes it rise above all of it’s problems.  What I think helps the movie still hold up is the fact that it represents the kind of rousing spectacle that seems to have disappeared from Hollywood over the years.  The 1990’s seemed to be the end of an era for the historical epic.  From Gone With the Wind (1939) to the glorious widescreen spectacles of Ben-Hur (1959), Lawrence of Arabia (1962) and Patton (1970), these were the movies that made us connect with history in a compelling way.  Over time, the grand historical epic became more niche and subdued, and by the time the blockbuster era came around, they had all but disappeared from the cinemas.  Once in a while, you would see something like Gandhi (1982) and The Last Emperor (1987) stand out, but these movies were more revisionist than their predecessors, and certainly were not box office draws in the same way.  But, starting with Dances With Wolves, the historical epic began to see some life in Hollywood once again.  It was shown that audiences could be compelled to sit for 3 hours or more in a theater if the story was compelling enough.  Mel Gibson found that in William Wallace’s story and he delivered an epic that really did feel like the kinds of Hollywood epics of old, while still modernizing it for the present day, especially when it came to the battle scenes.  With Braveheart’s help, Hollywood felt more comfortable investing in movies that helped to bring history back to life on a grand scale.  But even this was temporary.  James Cameron’s Titanic (1997) would go on to set box office records, and Ridley Scott’s Gladiator (2000) likewise also found success.  But it would be a bit mixed for Gibson in the aftermath of Braveheart, as his Revolutionary War epic The Patriot (2000) received a mixed reception, and his biblical film The Passion of the Christ (2004) would receive massive box office wins while at the same time tarnishing his image due to it’s controversies.  Eventually, historical epics once again flamed out, due in part to failures such as Troy and Alexander (both 2004) and the rise of fantasy epics like The Lord of the Rings, which ironically was inspired partially by Braveheart.  Though as brief as it was, the movie Braveheart showed that it was possible to make historical movies on a grand scale like it work in the Hollywood machine.  Gibson set out to make his own Spartacus, and there’s no doubt that he accomplished that goal.

Watching Braveheart today, it is still easy to get swept up in the cinematic grandeur of it all.  Say what you will about Mel Gibson as a person (which can be a lot) but there is no denying that he put a lot of passion into Braveheart with the primary intent to make a movie that took full advantage of what is possible with the medium of film.  The majestic scenery captured in John Toll’s Oscar winning cinematography; James Horner’s haunting musical score; the standout performances from both new and familiar faces.  It’s just unfortunate that the movie is also still strongly tied to a filmmaker who over the years has become more controversial and extremist.  Is the movie a representation of who Mel Gibson is today?  Not really, but it is hard to separate the art from the artist, especially when he’s there in front of the camera as well.  And there are plenty of things that haven’t aged well about the movie, particularly it’s depiction of homosexual characters in the narrative, which this out gay writer can’t just dismiss as it cuts close to home.  I acknowledge that the movie doesn’t treat people like myself in a dignified way, but the movie itself was not alone in the 1990’s in it’s portrayal of queer characters in popular media.  Braveheart was made at a time when visibility for queer characters in general was pretty poor across the board, so one has to account for the fact that it was a product of it’s time.  Also, even if the movie and by extension Mel Gibson have less than positive attitudes towards LGBTQ people, that doesn’t mean that all involved in the making of this movie share those same beliefs; not Brendan Gleeson, nor Angus MacFadyen, and especially not Brian Cox.  Braveheart is a movie in the end that shows just how special a historical retelling can be when done with the right amount of passion.  A good contrast to make is in comparing it with another epic movie taken from a page in Scottish history.  A movie about Robert the Bruce called Outlaw King (2018) covered much of the same ground as Braveheart, and yet even though it was an hour shorter and made with a lot more gloss and historical accuracy, it turned out to be quite dull, sluggishly paced and largely forgotten.  Despite it’s flaws, Braveheart will be remembered fondly for a long time because even though it plays fast and loose with history it feels larger than life and takes us on a ride as it weaves it’s narrative.  As William Wallace states, “Every man dies; not every man truly lives,” and what Braveheart does for us is make it’s legend come alive.

Evolution of Character – King Kong

One thing that seems to not have lost any appeal over the years in the history of cinema is a good monster movie.  There’s something very cinematic about the thrills that come from seeing a giant beast rampaging through a city or town and striking fear into the hearts of the humans that live there.  We have seen many different monsters brought to life on the big screen, but the whole subgenre itself owes it’s existence in the annals of movie history to the granddaddy of them all; King Kong.  Kong was the first true noteworthy movie monster; an incredible larger than life beast that could only come alive through the magic of movie-making.  Without Kong, we wouldn’t have ended up with Godzilla or Jurassic Park.  He was the true pioneer who paved the way for creature creation in the movies.  And he still remains a character at the forefront of so many different  advances in cinematic artistry.  Starting off as a mere puppet brought to life through stop motion animation, Kong now is given life through CGI technology that makes him feel even more lifelike and capable of conveying a whole range of emotions on screen.  In time, he has grown from a fearsome monster into something of an unexpected hero and protector of the human race, especially as he becomes a central character in what is know as the Monsterverse series of movies.  It is fascinating to see how Kong has evolved with the times through his nearly century long history, sometimes with some rather embarrassing results (especially during his more kid friendly era in the 1960’s.)  While much of Kong’s character remains the same, his impact on cinema takes some very interesting turns, and it shows that he is truly a timeless character that can still appeal to audiences of multiple generations.  In this article, I will be taking a look at some of his most noteworthy screen appearances and see how they individually impacted Kong’s legacy on the big screen.

KING KONG (1933)

The debut of the Eighth Wonder of the World.  Everything that we know about King Kong’s place in cinematic history stems from this iconic film.  This was the movie that placed RKO on the map as a powerful player in Hollywood, delivering a blockbuster that contained at the time some truly groundbreaking visual effects.  The film was the brainchild of director Merian C. Cooper, who co-directed the movie with Ernst B. Schoedsack.  One can’t help but see some meta-textual elements in the story, with Cooper creating a self-insert of himself in the character of Carl Denham (played by Robert Armstrong), a filmmaker who seeks to capture on film a creature the world has never seen before.  The journey takes him and his crew to the mythical Skull Island, where it is said that prehistoric creatures still live, enclosed by the native population behind an ancient stone wall.  They soon learn that the strongest of all the beasts behind the wall is a 50 foot tall giant ape known as Kong.  Kong was brought to life through several different techniques.  One was a giant mechanical head for the facial close-ups, and the other was through stop motion animation, done by pioneering animator Willis H. O’Brien.  O’Brien’s groundbreaking animation of Kong went beyond just bringing the creature to life.  He also gave Kong personality; even to the point where we have sympathy for him as he tries to fight back against the humans trying to hunt him.  O’Brien’s work would be a great influence on future special effects wizards in the industry, including the legendary Ray Harryhausen.  But it wasn’t just the animation that made the movie iconic; it was how Cooper and Schoedsack staged their action as well.  Not only did they have Kong rampaging through his native jungle, but he was also set loose on New York City as well, leading to a final confrontation on the then recently completed Empire State Building.  Thanks to this movie, not only was Kong immortalized, but so was his connection with the iconic structure.  Even after 90 years of standing tall in the New York Skyline, the image of Kong battling airplanes at the top of the skyscraper is still what most people will think of when they see it in person.  For being called the Eighth Wonder of the World, this movie went a long way towards helping Kong earn that title.

KING KONG VS. GODZILLA (1962)

Of course, King Kong had appeal far beyond just Hollywood.  In Japan, the original King Kong was a profound influence on an aspiring filmmaker who had an idea for a monster movie of his own.  In 1954, Ishiro Honda would change Japanese cinema forever with his groundbreaking monster film Godzilla (1954).  Instead of a giant ape, Honda imagined the people of Tokyo being terrorized by a giant lizard, born out of the after effects of nuclear fallout.  Godzilla was meant to be a metaphor of the terrible trauma that the Japanese people endured after the nuclear strikes in Hiroshima and Nagasaki that ended World War II.  The film itself would go on to become a massive hit not just in Japan, but across the world itself, sparking a new era in monster movie filmmaking.  And it was only inevitable at some point that both Kong and Godzilla would cross paths.  The studio behind Godzilla, Toho Productions, managed to secure the rights to use King Kong in one of their movies, which of course would pit him in a one on one confrontation with their iconic monster.  Honda himself would return to direct, though he objected to the more comical tone that Toho wanted to push on this movie.  His Godzilla was made like the original King Kong to be a terrifying experience for the audience, fitting with the message that he wanted to deliver about the dangers of nuclear war.  But, as both Godzilla and King Kong had grown to become these characters with mass appeal with audiences, the tone shifted from being serious to playful, and that’s largely what King Kong vs. Godzilla ended up being.  Unlike in his original film, Kong would be played physically by a man in a giant ape costume.  It fits with the style that Toho had developed with their Godzilla style monster movies up to this point, but the rubber masked actor doesn’t quite match the personality that was given to the stop motion puppet in the original.  Still, the show down between these two titans would indeed be popular, and of course, it wouldn’t be the last time they would share the big screen either.

KING KONG (1976)

After a decade of being a part of Japan’s monster movie pantheon, Hollywood would reclaim their iconic titanic ape for another big screen adaptation.  But, like with his Japanese portrayal, he would be brought to life through an actor’s portrayal in an ape suit.  What may be the most shocking detail of about this film is that the man in the ape suit is none other than legendary multi-Oscar winning make-up artist Rick Baker.  Baker designed and crafted the ape suits himself, but it’s rather surprising that he would be the one to wear it all himself.  While the facial sculpting and mechanical extensions to his hands are fairly impressive, it still creates an inauthenticity effect when you can clearly tell that it’s still a human actor playing this giant ape.  As hard as Rick Baker tries, he just doesn’t convincingly move the same way that a real ape does.  Interestingly, the movie takes the same story of the original film, but updates it to the present day, which at the time would have been the mid-70’s.  Instead of Carl Denham the eccentric showman hunting for a glimpse of King Kong, we have an oil tycoon named Fred Wilson (played by Charles Grodin) seeking to eliminate Kong so that he can extract resources from his home on Skull Island.  And instead of ending at the recently completed Empire State Building of the original, this version has it’s climax at the then recently completed Twin Towers of the World Trade Center.  There is an unmistakable environmental message being delivered, which does tie into the original film’s underlying theme about man’s hubris when it comes to attempting to conquer nature.  But, the delivery here is a lot less subtle with it’s message, and in many ways undermines the plot itself.  Unfortunately for all involved, the movie was a major financial bomb and put Kong into hibernation in Hollywood for quite some time afterwards.  At least for Rick Baker, this movie would lead to a very prosperous career afterwards where he would truly break new ground in visual and prosthetic make-up effects over the next several decades, becoming a true legend in the industry.  And he probably was happy that he didn’t have to be the guy in the monkey suit ever again.

KING KONG LIVES (1986)

This film made a decade after the last is indeed a direct sequel to 1976’s King Kong, and yet it also feels like a reboot of sorts.  I didn’t matter anyway since this movie also was a financial failure.  The noteworthy thing about this movie is that it introduces the idea that Kong is not alone in the world.  A second Kong is discovered, and she’s a female.  This prompts Kong to escape as he pursues his potential mate, even though he still suffering from the after effects of his fall from the Twin Towers.  Yes, doctors actually perform heart surgery on Kong in this movie, giving him an artificial heart to keep him alive.  It’s all a convoluted way to build Kong into a franchise character.  Part of what made Kong such an appealing character in the first place was the tragic pathos of his journey.  Even the 1976 film got that.  Kong is a creature that only attacks after being provoked.  His fury is not out of malice, but as a response to human beings not respecting his privacy.  The story of Kong is one of mankind attempting to find common ground with mother nature, or else it will succumb to forces it doesn’t understand and is too arrogant to honor.  But King Kong Lives ignores all that and just turns the film into an action packed thriller where we see Kong tear things apart.  Sadly, given the limited budget this movie had, all of the miniatures of the tanks and trucks that Kong tears apart just end up looking like he’s playing with toy cars.  Played by Peter Elliott this time, the ape suit is not quite as well constructed as the Rick Baker one, so it just reinforces the artificiality all the more.  The movie only stands out for it’s depiction of Kong undergoing heart surgery, which in a way is kind of a ridiculous campy moment that needs to be seen to be believed.  They literally take his old heart out like it’s a toy from a giant claw machine game.  Other than that, this was another failed attempt to recapture some of the cinematic magic of seeing King Kong alive on the big screen.  Thankfully, it would also mark the end of Kong’s ape suit era.

KING KONG (2005)

Finally, we have Kong brought to life in a way that feels true to his origins.  Instead of using a man in an ape suit or stop motion animation, this version of Kong would be brought to life through the newest advances in CGI technology.  It would not only help to make Kong look like a real ape, but also act like one too, while at the same time still displaying the personality that has helped to set him apart as a cinematic icon.  Director Peter Jackson has always pointed to the original 1933 King Kong as the biggest inspiration for him as a filmmaker.  It’s the movie that lit his fire, not just as a storyteller, but also as a filmmaker who makes extensive use of visual effects to tell his story.  After changing the world of cinema with his Lord of the Rings trilogy, Jackson was ready to deliver his loving tribute to the original King Kong.  And indeed, he would give Kong the epic treatment, taking the original story and expanding it into a 3 hour long extravaganza.  Of all the Kong movies, this one perhaps takes it’s subject the most seriously.  It’s definitely the most emotional portrayal of Kong we’ve ever seen, brought to life by the king of motion capture performance Andy Serkis, who previously brought the character of Gollum to vivid life for Peter Jackson in the Rings films.  You really become emotionally attached to this version of Kong, and that’s in large part thanks to what Serkis is able to do with his remarkable physical portrayal.  He would continue to build on what he did with Kong when he played another powerful, albeit much smaller, ape character as Cesar in the Planet of the Apes series.  Another key to the film’s success was the way they fleshed out the character of Ann Darrow.  Played famously by Fay Wray in the original, Ms. Darrow was not much more than a typical damsel in distress, but in Peter Jackson’s version she is played by Naomi Watts and is a woman with agency and someone who finds more connection with this massive ape than she does with any human.  The movie may be a tad too long and overly reverential, but it does give Kong a worthy portrayal that indeed is the best we’ve seen since his early days.  And it definitely proved that this was a character best realized through animation and not by way of a man in a monkey suit.  This movie set the standard for how we would see Kong brought to the big screen from here on out.

KONG: SKULL ISLAND (2017)

The Peter Jackson King Kong was more or less it’s own stand alone project, playing out much as the original did with the “twas Beauty killed the Beast” ending.  To depict Kong once again on the big screen would call for a reimagining.  Ten years after Jackson’s film, Legendary Pictures was developing their own slate of movies combining all of cinema’s most famous giant movie monsters into a shared universe, and they wanted to bring King Kong into their fold as well.  The Monsterverse, as it has come to be known, got it’s launch with a modern update of Godzilla (2014).  Naturally, the plan was to lead up to a confrontation between the two biggest icons, but Kong needed a new introduction to differentiate from all other versions of him we’ve seen before.  The people at Legendary came up with a rather unique idea by having Kong’s newest movie be done in the style of 70’s era Vietnam war flick, making this newest Kong film both grittier but also stylish in a way that matched the new tone.  This would also be the largest Kong we had ever seen before.  Previous Kongs, including the original and the Peter Jackson version, were estimated to stand as much as 50 ft. in height.  This Kong dwarfs them all by topping out at nearly 300 ft.  Instead of scaling skyscrapers, this Kong is one.  Like with Andy Serkis’ portrayal, this Kong is brought to life through mo-cap performance, this time by actor Toby Kebbell, and though he isn’t given as much of an emotional range as Serkis’ version, Kebbell still gives his Kong a menacing presence.  His Kong is very much a force of nature kind of creature; by poking the bear, you’ve become more likely to be torn to pieces by him.  The movie is more or less about the land of Skull Island itself and all the perils it holds, with the crew of humans led by Tom Hiddleston, Samuel L. Jackson, Brie Larson, and John Goodman all learning that Kong’s kingdom is best left to the King.  Overall, it does a good job of introducing King Kong into the Monsterverse, and in many ways it hinted at just how much of a powerful force he was going to bring to the series in the years to come.

GODZILLA VS. KONG (2021) and GODZILLA X KONG: THE NEW EMPIRE (2024)

As promised, the Monsterverse did bring it’s two biggest hitters together in a one on one confrontation, and it thankfully didn’t disappoint.  Any time Godzilla and Kong share the screen, it is magnificent.  Of course, the weakest parts of all these Monsterverse movies have been the human characters, and over time it feels like the people at Legendary have figured this out too.  The growing trend throughout the Monsterverse movies that feature Kong is that he is being given more and more screen time.  In many ways, he’s grown into the main protagonist of the series, and that overall has been a good thing.  The Kong we meet by the time we get to Godzilla vs. Kong is older and more accustomed to being around humans.  The organization in the Monsterverse called Monarch that oversees the Titan creatures like Kong and Godzilla have found ways to accommodate human society around these monsters and even rely on them as protectors from more dangerous threats out there.  It’s weird to think of King Kong and Godzilla as forces for good in our world, but somehow the Monsterverse movies have managed to make that concept work in their movies.  Of all the Monsterverse characters, Kong is clearly the best defined, and he makes for a strong and likable hero in this franchise.  One of the best ideas the franchise has put forth is that Kong and Godzilla are begrudging allies in this world they co-inhabit, teaming up only when it’s necessary to take down a greater threat.  Otherwise, they’ll be fighting each other for supremacy.  This version of Godzilla is very territorial and doesn’t want anyone to challenge his reign as King of the Monsters, which Kong seems to oblige just as long as he gets to live freely in his home in the hollow Earth.  These movies are becoming increasingly ridiculous, but that’s kind of been their charm too.  In many ways, these Monsterverse films accomplish more effectively what the Toho monster films were attempting; creating silly but engaging entertainment around these iconic monsters.  And the crazier these movies get they somehow become more entertaining.  And the filmmakers knew that Kong would be the best one to anchor this whole Monsterverse together.

Over the 90 plus years that King Kong has been seen on the big screen, he still stands as one of cinema’s most enduring icons.  The original film is still a masterpiece of action filmmaking, with visual effects that have gone on to inspire so many other film creations over the years.  And at it’s center was proof that even a visual effect could act and show emotion.  You can see why people like Ray Harryhausen and Peter Jackson were so inspired by what the movie accomplished.  It was a movie that really showed what the medium was capable of.  And as we’ve seen with the Legendary Pictures’ Monsterverse movies, Kong is still a character that audiences can root for.  But, it’s his story that also resonates across the years.  Mankind has often pushed itself into places it’s perhaps should have left alone, and as a result has paid the price for it.  We are still grappling with the effects of our impact on nature, and how we as humans treat animals great and small.  In the original story, Kong isn’t so much killed by his chase after Beauty, but instead by being out of his natural element.  He is pulled away from his home on Skull Island to the concrete jungle of Manhattan, and it dulls the instincts that kept him alive all these years.  He has grown more tame, because he doesn’t understand this new world he’s been brought to, and that made him vulnerable.  It makes one reconsider what we are doing to the great ape species like him when we observed them behind bars at a zoo.  King Kong’s original story is a profound one, but we’ve also seen how Kong can endure when his story isn’t bound to tragedy.  The great thing about the Mosnterverse franchise is that it’s shown us a Kong that is truly set free and allowed to earn that title of King in his own domain.  We’ll see where his adventures take him next, but there’s no doubt of his rightful place as one of cinema’s true icons.  The Eighth Wonder of the World and so much more.

Liking and Subscribing – How YouTube Ultimately Won the Streaming Wars

For the last few years, the entertainment industry has gone through a massive upheaval, chasing after a brand new online based revenue stream.  This “streaming war” involved a huge amount of capital being poured into creating the infrastructure as well as the exclusive content that would draw audiences to these new platforms.  For the longest time, Netflix was alone as a streaming provider, and Hollywood was taking notice of just how much money they were making on monthly subscriptions.  Netflix continued to grow even more as they had gained the ability to form their own production wing, and were not as reliant on all the licenses that they were paying the movie studios for in order to play their movies and shows.  As Netflix continued expanding, the movie studios (in particular the Big 5 of Disney/Fox, Paramount, Warner Brothers, Universal and Sony) began to consider that it would be in their best interest to take Netflix’s formula and repeat it under their own umbrella.  The expense of setting up all of these streaming platforms was not unsubstantial, but Hollywood believed that it was an investment worth making for the long term, as it seemed that streaming was the future of entertainment.  But, what ended up happening was that the pool of potential subscribers was split up among the separate streamers and many of them couldn’t reach the lofty growth projections that they hoped to reach.  Even with the assist of the pandemic forcing many people to turn to streaming as a sole outlet for entertainment over the course of that turbulent year, many of the streaming platforms struggled to find their footing.  Now, over half a decade in and only one of the studio run streaming platforms (Disney+) has managed to reach profitability, and just barely.  What Hollywood failed to see was that another factor in the streaming content market was also affecting the viewership patterns of the audience pool that the studios were hoping to capitalize on.  The user generated video streaming site YouTube has not only emerged as a primary player in the streaming wars, but possibly also it’s victor.  And the truth behind it’s dominance all comes down to economics; particularly when it comes to the audience itself.

YouTube of course existed long before there was any concept of streaming entertainment.  When it launched in 2005, home entertainment was still dominated by the likes of Blockbuster Video.  Netflix had only just started it’s DVD by mail service, and it would be another 6 years before they would make their first jump into streaming.  And yet, YouTube would instantly make an immediate splash in the online world.  The concept of “Viral Video” stemmed from the way user uploaded videos would suddenly gain attention not just in the online community, but in the whole pop culture zeitgeist itself.  Google, which clearly saw the potential of YouTube’s ability to generate buzz worthy content, purchased the platform for a then substantial $1.6 billion.  With Google’s backing, YouTube was able to expand it’s revenue through advertising monetization program, which enabled people who uploaded to the platform to make money off of the content they created.  Being a YouTube content creator could actually help people earn a living, and in some cases, people who were able to gain a massive subscriber base could become multi-millionaires.  But, to get to that place is difficult, and a large part of YouTube content creation is trying to figure out how to manage the algorithm and get noticed in a competitive market.  That’s why so many YouTubers are working a hustle in all their videos, asking people to like and subscribe to their channel.  The constant pressure to meet quotas for viewership in order to make money off of the platform has also led to a lot of creators burning out over time.  But, even with all that, YouTube still has managed to evolve into something that not only provides plenty of material for broadcast on a daily basis, but many of the creators on the platform has improved the quality of their content so much that it rivals much of what we see on linear television itself.  One big factor that helped to make YouTube even more of a worthy competitor to television itself was in 2010 when they removed the time limit for video uploads.  Before then, all content creators were bound by a ten minute ceiling, but afterwards the sky was the limit.

Now people regularly go to YouTube for any kind of entertainment they desire, and creators could take advantage of the creative freedom allowed on the platform.  YouTube became a place for underground outlets of journalism and experimental film-making.  Of course, terms and conditions set by YouTube and their parent company Google applied, but YouTube content creators found that this platform afforded them an outlet that could reach a totally different audience than they would’ve through traditional media.  The barriers to getting noticed were also smaller, as it didn’t matter if you had a foothold in the entertainment business beforehand; you could reach a massive audience and become famous if you managed to stick out in the algorithm.  Even Hollywood was taking note.  While viewership numbers for linear TV shows have been declining for years, those same shows can still retain relevancy if the clips on their YouTube channel still get a lot of views.  The Nielsen ratings, once the major barometer for judging the success of television show, now only tells half of the story.  The viewership patterns for NBC’s Saturday Night Live are a good example of this, as their TV ratings make it look like the show is falling off every single season due to dwindling broadcast numbers.  And yet it’s cultural relevance still has not waned, because it also enjoys a massive following on YouTube.  It has a 16 million large subscriber base, and their clipped videos almost continually do millions of views even in the course of a week after airing.  And in case of some of their more viral videos, like the “Lonely Island” music videos they’ve put out, they can reach far more viewers than they ever would’ve during their late night broadcasts.  YouTube has significantly changed the way that people consume television, with a lot people opting not to check out these shows live when they were originally scheduled, but instead on their own time, and repeatedly if they are viral enough.

But there is a much bigger factor in what has ultimately made YouTube the true king of streaming; that it’s free to use.  Where all the other streaming platforms derive revenue from monthly subscriptions, YouTube is primarily funded through ad revenue.  Sure, there is a YouTube Premium service available where people can subscribe to watch their content ad-free, but for the most part, people have largely accepted the ad service model as a way of getting content at no cost to them.  This is why YouTube is the second largest trafficked website on the planet, because there is no barrier to logging in and watching.  And as stated before, the quality of the content has risen so much over the years that YouTube channels are now competitive with what we see on television.  Sure, network television is still made free for the public, and also supported by add revenue, but the number of stations is limited to just a handful of networks; ABC, NBC, CBS, FOX, CW, and Public Broadcasting.  Cable Television was created as a paid alternative to give viewers more choices in programming, but the fact that it’s pay walled has diminished it’s value over time, especially in competition with what streaming provides.  One thing that we have seen the big studios struggle with in the last couple of years is what to do with linear television, as the ad revenue they can generate from their holdings have shifted to other places like YouTube.  Advertisers have learned that more eyes are going to streaming instead of the networks and cable channels, so that’s where they are putting their money now.  Disney, whose holdings include ABC and ESPN, has had to reshuffle their corporate structure in order to meet the new reality in broadcasting; so much so that many have speculated that Disney may be looking to offload their linear television channels in the future in order to focus on streaming instead.  The tolerance for ad breaks has been one of the biggest surprises to come from the streaming wars, largely due to the fact that YouTube’s ad support model is getting the most traction in the online space.  That’s probably why so many of the streaming platforms have created their own ad-supported tier as a more budget minded alternative; including Netflix.

But one thing that YouTube has decided is not in their wheelhouse is the idea of creating their own original content to compete with the likes of Netflix.  Not that they didn’t try.  Before YouTube Premium became an ad-free only option, YouTube had another paid service called YouTube Red.  YouTube Red was going to be ad-free like Premium ultimately ended up being, but it was also going to offer original shows and films made by YouTube’s own in house production company.  YouTube Originals would create a string of original shows and movies that not only would compete with the likes of Netflix, but would also be useful in spotlighting the brand of YouTube itself.  One thing that YouTube Originals did was tap into their own pool of content creators to develop shows and films that would be extensions of their own channel content, only with a more substantial budget.  Creators like gamer PewDiePie and others were among the people tapped to start up this new phase of YouTube’s programming, with a large emphasis on reality based content.  But, there were scripted programs made too, including a couple of buzz-worthy programs.  It may surprise many to know that a hit show like Cobra Kai, a spinoff series based on the Karate Kid films, started it’s life as a YouTube Original.  YouTube produced the first two seasons of the series, and for those seasons it became the driving force for YouTube Red’s subscriber growth.  But it clearly wasn’t enough.  In 2018, YouTube announced that they were phasing out YouTube Red in favor of growing their Premium service, and this included the shuttering of YouTube Originals.  The majority of the original shows that premiered on YouTube Red were quietly cancelled, but a couple were allowed to be shopped out to other interested parties.  In the case of Cobra Kai, it was picked up by Netflix, which kept the show running for an additional four seasons, all of which were wildly successful for the streamer.  In the end, YouTube saw their value as a platform for content creation rather than a production outfit themselves.

This has helped YouTube to stay ahead of so many other streamers in the race for attention from potential viewers.  So many of the studio run streamers cater to such a specific kind of audience, while YouTube is literally a place where you can find anything to watch.  Sure, YouTube can’t run movies and television shows from the major studios (and they have strict rules about uploading pirated movies onto their platform as well), but they are the place where everything else is available to see: how-to tutorials, video podcasts, highlight reels, and tons of videos about cute pets.  What YouTube has done in it’s 20 year existence is change the viewing habits of the average consumer.  One phenomenon that has come from consuming programming on YouTube is the “rabbit hole” binge watching habit that so many people have developed.  It comes from people choosing one video to watch on YouTube, and then clicking on one of the algorithmic selected suggestions that are attached to that video, and then repeating the same function after watching that.  Some people can spend hours just watching the random stream of videos that are suggested to them through YouTube’s algorithm, and that’s the thing that Hollywood is trying to compete against.  Of course all the streamers operate on some kind of algorithmic programming that caters to the subscriber’s viewing habits, but their suggestions are often confined to the niche selection that they have curated from their own libraries.  Meanwhile, YouTube literally contains billions of random types of videos on their platform, with countless more added each day, so those who go down the YouTube rabbit hole are far more likely to encounter something new they haven’t seen before when they are given suggestions from the platform’s algorithm.  This is why so many people are giving their time over to YouTube; the variety of options and the simple interface of YouTube’s platform that makes it easy for viewers to continue watching.

The streaming wars as a result has become less of a race to the top and more of a contest for third place.  Netflix had a ten year head start on all the other wannabe competitors, but even Netflix has to compete for time with what YouTube has to offer.  The bad news for Hollywood is that there doesn’t seem to be any alternative path to being able to do what YouTube is able to do.  It really is an entity without peers.  Disney or Universal is not going to suddenly launch a competitor to YouTube, where users can upload videos onto a site they run.  With YouTube, it’s better to find ways to work with it than compete against it, and all the major studios have their own channels on the platform where they launch movie trailers, as well as a couple YouTube exclusives of their own.  But just like everyone else, they are subjected to the ebb and flow of how YouTube’s algorithm works, so it’s not exactly the place where they can launch one of their multi-million dollar projects.  The problem Hollywood faces now is trying to figure out how to maximize their audience reach in a market that clearly has been shaken up by streaming.  With YouTube pulling in millions of views daily, and Netflix showing little signs of weakness, the studios are searching for new ways to drive engagement on their own platforms.  For the longest time, exclusive content was the thing to bring in subscribers, but that required an insane amount of capital to produce, especially in the early days of the streaming wars when these new platforms had so little to offer.  What we’ve seen happen is a lot of these traditionally powerful media giants face some hard financial pitfalls due to their ramp up of production to feed these streaming monsters.  But, because of the large amount of offerings out there (with every studio jumping in) the potential audience was splintered and the amount or revenue coming in was not countering the investment it took to put it all together.  That’s why so many mergers and acquisitions are happening, as the studios are trying to shore up their financial burdens due to the amount of money they burned through in such a short amount of time.  Meanwhile, YouTube and Netflix have continued to maintain their leads in the streaming race, with their already firmly established hold on their audiences allowing them to weather the stormy seas of the streaming wars.

YouTube may not be a powerful player in terms of production, it still is the place where most people go to for quick, easy to digest entertainment.  Hollywood is learning more and more that their goal should be to offer audiences entertainment that is special enough to get people to click of their computers and phones for an hour or two.  For a long time during the streaming wars, the studios were under the Field of Dreams belief that “if you build it, they will come,” but as we’ve seen building isn’t enough.  You need to make people want to actively go out and see something, whether it be in a theater or on a separate platform.  One of the biggest problems facing streaming right now is the rising cost of everything.  The low price points at launch were a big help in getting people to subscribe to these new streaming surfaces, but all the incremental price increases since then have caused a lot of budget conscious people to tune out.  Moving to streaming was a big part of the whole “cutting the cord” movement that drew people away from subscribing to cable, but now the costs have risen to the point where streaming is now on par with cable TV and possibly even more depending on how many services people have signed up for.  While streaming can be a good value overall depending on how robust their libraries are, people are becoming more picky about which ones they want.  And that audience churn has become the biggest problem facing the market today, especially for the studios that have seen their growth stagnate even after spending billions creating exclusive programming for it.  All the while, YouTube is free to use, easy to navigate, and offers a lucrative creator incentive structure that enables a higher quality of entertainment than just simple home videos.  At the same time, there is truth to there being too much of a good thing, and YouTube’s monopoly on people’s attention is not exactly healthy in the long term for the future of entertainment.  Hopefully Hollywood discovers a way to deal with the competition that they face with YouTube and manage to build something special that either competes strongly against the pull of YouTube, or manages to survive alongside it.  In the face of television and home video, Hollywood has always managed to find ways to bring audiences back to the movies and prestige entertainment.  In the meantime, enjoy the best that YouTube has to offer, but in good moderation.  There are plenty of good content creators on YouTube that are deserving of your attention.  But just remember to come out of that YouTube rabbit hole before it consumes too much of your day and support the arts in far more direct and personal ways beyond it.

Top Ten Wicked Witches in Movies

One of the most popular icons of this Halloween season is the Witch.  Of course, we all have our ideas of what a witch looks like; pointy hat, flying around on a broom, usually accompanied by a pet cat and brewing spells around a cauldron.  But, as pop culture has shown, witches aren’t all typical of that familiar image.  Witchcraft can be by just about anyone who knows the spells to cast.  We’ve seen witches in movies and television that look like they’ve stepped out of a Norman Rockwell painting and give the appearance of an ordinary life.  There are also many examples of good witches that have been portrayed in media.  The Wizarding World of Harry Potter for example is a story all about young witches and wizards learning to hone their craft for noble purposes.  And while it never explicitly states it in the book or the movie, it can be argued that Mary Poppins is a witch; of course using her command of magic for the goodwill of others.  But, when we think of witches in the movies, the ones who stand out are the wicked kind.  They are the kind of witches that live up to the scary image that we commonly refer to around Halloween time.  And they aren’t all the ugly, wart faced crones that we commonly see as the archetypes.  Sometimes bad witches are stunningly beautiful, using their beauty as a weapon in catching their prey.  For this Top Ten List, I’m taking a look at some of the most noteworthy movie witches that stand as the most wicked ever put on the silver screen.  Of course, each one of these entries has to be undeniably evil within their own stories; so no misunderstood outcast witches or good witches.  These represent the worst of the worst, and in turn, they are among the most iconic.  So, let’s take a look at the Top Ten Wickedest Witches of them all.

10.

THE SANDERSON SISTERS from HOCUS POCUS (1993)

Played by Bette Midler, Sarah Jessica Parker, and Kathy Najimy

The trio from this Halloween movie favorite certainly fit the bill of everything we expect out of a portrayal of witches.  But what makes these characters stand out is the campiness of their characterizations.  This Disney made comedy definitely makes the Sandersons very cartoonish caricatures of the classic witch aesthetic.  But it’s the actors performing the parts that really helps to make them memorable.  Bette Midler, a noteworthy performer known for her musical talents on the stage and screen, hams it up the most as Winifred, the de facto leader of the group.  It’s a testament to Midler’s acting chops that she manages to make the caricature work, especially with those chipmunk like buck teeth, and still find a way to make Winifred menacing within the story.  She’s also balanced well by Sarah Jessica Parker’s sultry portrayal of Sarah Sanderson and Kathy Najimy’s bumbling Mary Sanderson.  The Three Stooges come to mind as inspirations for the character dynamic between the sisters.  And while the movie itself is a mixed bag, never really being as funny nor as scary as it wants to be, the Sandersons are easily the highlight of the movie, and the element that indeed has helped to turn Hocus Pocus into a perennial favorite every Halloween.  And of course, given that Bette Midler is in the starring role, there has to be a musical number to show off her musical theater skills.  In this case, it’s a cover of Screamin’ Jay Hawkins’ “I Put a Spell on You,” which the movie puts a disco night club spin on.  When it comes to the Sisters, this movie definitely puts a fun spin on being Wicked.

9.

MOTHER HELENA MARKOS from SUSPIRIA (1977)

Played by Lela Svasta

One of the most surreal depictions of witchcraft on the big screen is found in Dario Argento’s horror classic Suspiria.  The story revolves around an American dancer named Suzy Bannion (Jessica Harper) coming to Germany to study at a prestigious ballet academy, only to find that the academy is a front for a coven of witches who feed off of the beauty and youth of their students.  At the center of the coven is a mysterious benefactor named Mother Markos, someone who the ladies at the school never see in person, and yet her dark presence is felt everywhere.  Markos is a great example of portraying the specter of witchcraft without letting us see her fully in person.  The spells she casts present to us the evil presence she holds over the academy, and that in it’s own way makes her scarier than just seeing the old crone that she would have normally been presented as.  The 2018 Luca Guadagnino directed remake does show us Mother Markos in it’s final act, and she’s portrayed as a grotesque, monstrous figure (played by Tilda Swinton under a ton of make-up).  The portrayal of the character is much more effective in Argento’s original film, with her being more of a specter than an actual physical presence.  The movie gets away with so much with just the littlest hints of evil lurking around.  An image of two disembodied eyes in the darkest is an especially unnerving moment in the movie.  We do eventually get the briefest of looks of her when Suzy manages to stab her in the neck while she has been sneaking around while invisible.  Lela Svasta, who was not a professional actress, does fit the imagined appearance of what Mother Markos would look like, and while she only gets a second of screen time, it’s enough to embody this mysterious figure that we’ve come to fear throughout the movie.  The whole coven of witches in the movie are terrifying enough, but by being the most enigmatic of them all, Mother Markos stands out as the scariest of the whole movie.

8.

MINNIE CASTEVET from ROSEMARY’S BABY (1968)

Played by Ruth Gordon

One of the prime examples of going against the stereotypical image of a wicked witch.  From the moment she first appears in Roman Polanski’s eerie thriller, Minnie Castevet comes across as disarming and a somewhat sweet old lady from across the hall.  Neighborly and attentive, she offers help to make Mia Farrow’s Rosemary time during pregnancy as comfortable as possible, which makes her seem like a kind matronly figure.  But, it’s only during the course of the film that we learn that Minnie’s true aim is to help Rosemary give birth to what will ultimately be the Anti-Christ.  All those kind gestures were in their own way subtle works of witchcraft in the service of her true master, Satan.  A glass of milk here, a piece of cake there.  It’s only after Rosemary pieces together all the peculiar things that have been happening around her that we ultimately see that Minnie this whole time was a diabolical witch.  And not just her, but everyone else in the apartment building; all part of a cabal of Satanists intent on bringing forth the Anti-Christ.  What is great about Ruth Gordon’s performance is that her character never changes, even after the truth of her intentions is revealed.  She plays Minnie as this charming, batty old lady who has this charmingly silly way about her.  Once she is revealed to be the witch that she is, she still acts like the disarming, sweet old lady that she was before, only now it comes off as more menacing that we know the truth of who she is.  Gordon was a Hollywood veteran who surprisingly got her start as a writer before going into acting.  She uses her witty bravado well in creating the character, and her performance ended up earning her an Oscar for Best Supporting Actress that year.  There are a lot of movie witches that certainly stand out as scary from the get go, but what makes Minnie Castavet so memorable is that deception in her character.  Like Rosemary, we are lulled into feeling safe around such a colorful and seemingly sweet person like Minnie, but it ultimately makes the reveal all the more terrifying when we realize all that was in the service of something truly demonic.

7.

MISS ERNST, THE GRAND HIGH WITCH from THE WITCHES (1990)

Played by Angelica Huston

An actress like Angelica Huston definitely seems at home playing gothic characters.  She of course famously played Morticia Addams in The Addams Family (1991) only a year after playing a terrifying witch in this adaptation of a Roald Dahl novel of the same name.  She’s also an actress not afraid to disappear under a ton of make-up.  That’s what makes her performance in this movie so special.  We get to see her excel in both sides of the performance, in her human disguise of course, which certainly seems like a dress rehearsal for her role as Morticia, as well as her full blown appearance as the Grand High Witch.  The movie involves a boy stumbling upon a Witch convention at a hotel which leads to him being turned into a mouse which the witches then intend to eat him as.  The movie is exceptional in it’s use of practical effects, all done by the talented artists at the Jim Henson Company, and that is especially true about the transformation that Angelica Huston goes through to become the Grand High Witch in her truest form.  Her witch makeup is the most extreme of all in the entire movie, with a gigantic hooked nose and wrinkly skin all over.  The fact that Ms. Huston was still able to give a wildly expressive performance under all that make-up is especially impressive.  But when she’s in her more beautiful disguise, she also manages to deliver a menacing presence.  It wouldn’t surprise me if this role helped to make her the easy front-runner for that Morticia part in The Addams Family, as the characters have a very similar look to them; though of course, Morticia is the far less evil of the two.  And as a portrayal of this character in particular, she is far better than that nightmare inducing, CGI enhanced version that Anne Hathaway played in the Robert Zemekis directed remake from 2020.  This movie in particular is a clear example of why practical effects are better in bringing a fanciful story like this to life, as well as having an actress willing to fully disappear under some really imaginative make-up.

6.

URSULA from THE LITTLE MERMAID (1989)

Voiced by Pat Carroll

Disney has had it’s fair share of memorable witches, given that so many of their movies have been adapted from classic fairy tales.  Their first film had one of the most iconic witches ever put on screen when the Evil Queen in Snow White and the Seven Dwarves (1937) transforms into her hag disguise.  But one of the greatest Disney witches made her debut in the movie that helped to save Disney animation and launch the company’s Renaissance era.  In Hans Christian Andersen’s original story, The Little Mermaid’s Sea Witch is a fairly minor character, there simply to enable Ariel to make the transformation from Mermaid to Human, at the cost of her voice of course.  That’s all there is to the transaction, but for Disney’s version, they sought to make the Sea Witch a far more meaningful presence in the story.  Thus came the creation of Ursula, by far one of the most popular Disney Villains to ever come out of the canon.  Ursula has her goals of usurping the throne of King Triton by manipulating his daughter, and she has no qualms about using her magic for her own evil ambitions.  She even keeps the damned souls of the people she tricked as trophies in her “garden.” Everything about Ursula is iconic, especially her look which was heavily inspired by famed drag queen Divine.  And Pat Carroll gives a tour de force vocal performance as the character, making her equal measures of terrifying while also being surprisingly funny at just the right moments.  The huskiness of her voice especially makes her stand out amongst all other Disney Villainesses, especially with that cackle of a laugh she has.  It’s not surprising that to this day Ursula remains one of Disney’s most popular characters, let alone one of the most popular Villains.  It’s a good thing that Disney was at a point where they allowed their animation team to take some license and create a wholly different take on an evil witch in one of their movies.  With her drag queen like bravado and a killer vocal performance from Ms. Pat Carroll, Ursula was a new kind of movie witch that would indeed set a new high standard for years to come.

5.

AUNT GLADYS from WEAPONS (2025)

Played by Amy Madigan

One of the more recent depictions of a witch to leave a big impact on cinema, Aunt Gladys is the black hearted center of Zach Cregger’s hit mystery box horror flick.  A lot of Weapon’s success lies in the fact that the movie withholds the truth about what really is going on until late into the movie, which makes it a fascinating mystery to unravel.  When we finally find out that every disturbing event in the movie is the product of witchcraft, it helps to reframe the movie in a very satisfying way.  And this largely due to how well they pull off the reveal of the mysterious character that is Aunt Gladys.  Portrayed in an absolutely transformative performance by Amy Madigan, Gladys is a very different kind of movie witch compared to everything else we’ve seen.  She wears bright colored clothes, and almost has the look of a circus clown given her heavy use of make-up.  But, underneath all that color and a bubbly persona that she puts on, she is as black hearted as they come.  She uses her magic to essentially puppeteer people and make them do her bidding, which includes family members as well as an entire classroom of children.  It’s vague about why exactly she does this, and they movie never fully reveals how she became a witch in the first place, other than she uses it to keep herself alive; sort of in a succubus kind of way.  But, the damage she inflicts is pretty terrifying.  It’s a great way to reimagine witchcraft as an element in modern horror.  Zach Cregger wisely avoids using the classic symbols of witches from popular culture; there’s no brooms, no black cats, no cauldron.  Aunt Gladys merely uses twigs from an inky black shrub that she keeps in her room to conduct her black magic.  And Amy Madigan’s performance is remarkably effective, making Gladys an unsettling presence both in her silly moments as well as in her darkest moments.  And the comeuppance she faces at the end of the movie is one of the most cathartic and satisfying finales we’ve had at the movies in a long time.  Gladys will probably become one of cinema’s most iconic witches in the years to come, and it shows that there is a lot of spooky elements to the concept of witchcraft that can still be explored in modern horror movies today.

4.

BELLATRIX LESTRANGE from the HARRY POTTER series

Played by Helena Bonham Carter

It’s hard to have a witch character that stands out in a movie franchise about a school for witches and wizards.  But, one in particular really does leave a mark as one of the most terrifying witches ever put on the silver screen.  Bellatrix Lestrange is a witch that really defines the dark side of magic in J.K. Rowling’s long running series.  Though not the main threat to Harry Potter and his allies, as she is second banana to the Dark Wizard Voldemort, Bellatrix nevertheless stands out as a great and menacing villainess in her own right.  Wonderfully brought to life in an unhinged performance by Helena Bonham Carter, Bellatrix is chaos incarnate.  You really don’t know what she’ll do next, which makes her such a memorable threat in the series.  Carter definitely makes a meal out of her portrayal of the dark witch.  Her maniacal cackles is especially a key part to the portrayal, showing how she clearly gets a kick out of being as evil as she is.  Of course, she is impactful to the story as she ends up murdering Harry’s godfather and mentor Sirius Black (Gary Oldman).  She also commits all of her actions without remorse, including the torture of other wizards and witches.  One of her most sinister moments comes when she teases Harry’s friend Neville about torturing his parents, an act that left them in a vegetable like state.  It’s an effective characterization of a character that you just know is rotten to her very core.  While Voldemort is subdued in his presence, she is everything but, making herself big and loud wherever she reigns her destruction.  While she does fill the bill of a wicked witch, with her gothic attire and unhinged cackle, she manages to stay effectively terrifying throughout and avoids being too much of a caricature.  This is a real testament to Carter’s performance, where she was able to bring a lot more to the character than just her bad girl persona.  She managed to create an evil witch that exists out of something even more terrifying, which is desire to destroy purely out of her own twisted sense of fun.  And among other witches and wizards, that becomes something truly worth fearing.

3.

THE BLAIR WITCH from THE BLAIR WITCH PROJECT (1999)

Played by ???

It’s kind of remarkable that one of the most terrifying witches in movie history is one that we never get to see; an maybe doesn’t exist at all.  It’s a testament to the movie’s power of suggestion that the presence of the Blair Witch is still felt throughout the movie, and it makes her (or it) all the more scary.  The Blair Witch Project was a groundbreaking horror film that helped to launch the found footage style of storytelling in cinema.  Everything in the film is shot on video tape by the characters, making it a movie within a movie, and it adds to the true life feel of the narrative.  Over the course of the film, the characters document their hunt for the elusive Blair Witch and the deeper into the woods they go, the more weird stuff ends up happening.  We don’t know if this is entirely their own minds playing tricks on them, or if there really is a Blair Witch out there.  The movie does a great job of building that tension over time, and bringing us into the paranoid state of mind of the characters.  We hear strange noises out in the darkness of night.  Shadows begin to play tricks on us.  Eventually, we do see the most direct evidence of the Blair Witches own handiwork, as the explorers capture strange wooden figures displayed near their campsite.  Is it a prank being pulled on the characters?  We never know, and that’s what makes The Blair Witch Project such an effective experience.  It uses the limited information that we see from the found footage to suggest that a Blair Witch may end up being real, and it’s much more effective than actually showing us a real witch.  Something is out there in the darkness, and it is hunting them.  It’s great that the movie commits to the very end in keeping the truth about the Blair Witch literally in the dark, especially with the haunting final scene which is open to interpretation.  It’s a great way of showing how the idea of a witch being present alone is enough to drive out our worst fears.  That’s why the Blair Witch has become one of the most terrifying witches in movie history.  The less we know about it, the creepier and more powerful it becomes, letting our own imagination conjure up what the true evil specter may look like.

2.

MALEFICENT from SLEEPING BEAUTY (1959)

Voiced by Elanor Audley

While Ursula from The Little Mermaid and the Evil Queen from Snow White and the Seven Dwarves are iconic in their own right, there’s no denying that Disney’s greatest cinematic witch is the mistress of all evil herself, Maleficent.  Maleficent has become the gold standard by which all other Disney villains are judged by, and it’s for good reason.  She really epitomizes everything great about an iconic Disney Villain, both in her design and in her presence.  The combination of her dark flowing robes with the bat wing like collar around her neck and that crown of pointy horns just makes her stand out immediately.  Couple that with the absolutely chilling vocal performance from actress Elanor Audley, and you’ve got the makings of one of cinema’s greatest villainesses.  But, Maleficent is not just any witch.  She almost feels like a force of nature, able to command magic without a spell book or magic wand, though she does wield a staff that seems to channel her magic.  One of the best things about her character is her often calm demeanor.  She can loose her temper, but most of the time she is quiet and methodical in her evil deeds, clearly showing how much she knows she’s in command.  She doesn’t seek power; she knows she already has all of it.  Her evil is manifested in toying with those who don’t have magic.  And it’s that petty nature about her that makes her evil all the more loathsome.  Of course, her transformation into a spectacular dragon is one of the all time masterpieces of animation, but throughout the movie she is iconic.  To this day, she remains one  of Disney’s most popular characters, far eclipsing the movie she first appeared in and becoming something of a brand of her own within the Disney company.  There’s a reason why Disney made her the climatic showpiece of their nighttime spectacular at Disneyland called Fantasmic.  A true original all her own among cinematic witches and Disney villains alike, Maleficent is likely going to remain at the top tier for many more years to come.

1.

THE WICKED WITCH OF THE WEST from THE WIZARD OF OZ (1939)

Played by Margaret Hamilton

If there was ever a witch that set the standard for all cinematic witches to follow, it’s this iconic portrayal from the classic The Wizard of Oz.  The Frank L. Baum story was brought to magnificent life by MGM in a marvelous technicolor production.  But what really stood out to audiences over the many decades since it first premiered was this iconic portrayal of the villainous Wicked Witch of the West.  She has remained such a fixture in pop culture that even a musical adaptation centered around her called Wicked has become a massive hit on it’s own, both on stage and screen.  But there’s no doubt that the Wicked Witch’s memorable presence is all due to the remarkable performance given by Margaret Hamilton.  She brings the character to vivid life thanks to a delightfully eccentric performance.  From her high pitched cackle to her sinister grin, she delivers the quintessential portrayal of a witch on the big screen.  It’s perhaps the reason why so many depictions of witches today often include a pointy hat and green colored skin.  Hamilton’s portrayal of the Wicked Witch is true high fantasy, finding the actress really relishing the role and making the performance feel huge in every way.  It wasn’t all easy for her though.  She famously suffered severe burns when a trap door didn’t drop her in time to miss the pyro effects that followed her exit from the Munchkin land set.  And the performance remained so iconic that it unfortunately left her typecast for the remainder of her career, though she found ways of capitalizing on her fame as the character later in life, and she never regretted playing the role in the first place.  One can’t imagine anyone else playing this role, even though there were others who tried out for the part before she inevitably got it.  Margaret just feels like she was born to play this character, and even after 85 years, her performance still captures the imagination of audiences of all ages.  While there are plenty of iconic movie witches out there, it’s the Wicked Witch that more than any of them seems to define the ideal of what a cinematic witch should be.

So, there you have my picks for the most iconic wicked witches ever put on the silver screen.  A couple of them, particularly the Wicked Witch of the West and Maleficent have gone on to set the standard for what we think a witch should be.  And then you have some other ones like Minnie Castevet in Rosemary’s Baby that stand out by being contradictory to what we perceive a witch to be.  And then there’s the Blair Witch who remains unseen throughout the whole movie, and yet you can still feel it’s presence.  There’s so many ways to imagine a witch in cinematic storytelling, and so many different ways to make them terrifying to an audience.  There is something innately unsettling about witchcraft itself, even when it’s used for good purposes by good witches.  That’s why it’s still a potent element used in horror movies today, though to varying degrees of success.  The recent horror hit Weapons offers up an especially effective new take on witchcraft and how it would be used in a contemporary setting.  Likewise, Aunt Gladys has emerged as a very new kind of movie witch, and one that really turns into a terrifying presence in her movie.  During Halloween time, witches remain one of the most popular of icons, and it’s largely thanks to some of the witches on this list that many of them have made such an impact in pop culture.  Just look at the phenomenal success of Wicked to see just how much the Wicked Witch, and by extension Margaret Hamilton’s performance, still have a foothold in our culture.  It’s also why Disney continues to mine through so many fairy tales for their animated projects, because they know a good fairy tale is made all the better by the presence of an especially wicked witch.  And with Harry Potter, you get the best of both with good witches (Hermoine Granger) and the bad (Bellatrix Lestrange).  We’ll see a good many iconic witches in the years to come in cinema, but leading up to now, these have been the ones that have undeniably left a huge mark on our understanding of witches overall in pop culture.

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